Biblical Bibliographies
Charles Conroy [www.cjconroy.net]



Philistine Cities (1):  Ashdod and Ashkelon



[see also:  Philistines: general bibliography;  Philistines: further archaeological titles;  Philistines: other cities]


The two parts of the bibliography are subdivided as follows:

I.    Ashdod and Ashdod-Yam

1.   Overviews

i)   Ashdod

Ben-Shlomo, D., "Ashdod", OEBA (2013) 67-72.

Bryce, T., "Ashdod", in T. Bryce (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. In consultation with H. D. Baker, D. T. Potts, J. N. Tubb, J. M. Webb, and P. Zimansky (London & New York: Routledge, 2009) 75-76.

Dever, W. G., "Ashdod", OEANE 1 (1997) 219-220.

Dothan, M., "Ashdod", ABD I (1992) 477-482.

Dothan, M., "Ashdod", NEAEHL 1 (1993) 93-102.

Freedman, D. N., "Ashdod", IDBSup (1976) 71-72.

Kogan-Zehavi, E., "Ashdod", NEAEHL 5 (2008) 1573-1575.

Laughlin, J. C. H., "Ashdod: Home of the 'Ashdoda'", in his Fifty Major Cities of the Bible (London & New York: Routledge, 2006) 33-36.

Negev, A. – S. Gibson (eds.), "Ashdod (Tel)", in their Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New edition, revised and updated (New York: Continuum, 2001) 54-56 (unsigned article).

ii)   Ashdod-Yam

Kaplan, J., "Ashdod-Yam", ABD I (1992) 482.

Kaplan, J., "Ashdod-Yam", NEAEHL 1 (1993) 102-103.

Nachlieli, D., "Ashdod-Yam", NEAEHL 5 (2008) 1575-1576.

2.   Official Reports

Dothan, M. – D. N. Freedman, Ashdod I: The First Season of Excavations, 1962 (‘Atiqot 7; Jerusalem: Department of Antiquities and Museums in the Ministry of Education and Culture, 1967).

Dothan, M., et al., Ashdod II-III: The Second and Third Seasons of Excavations, 1963, 1965, Soundings in 1967 (‘Atiqot 9-10; Jerusalem: Department of Antiquities and Museums in the Ministry of Education and Culture, 1971).

Dothan, M. – Y. Porath, et al., Ashdod IV: Excavations of Area M: The Fortifications of the Lower City (‘Atiqot 15; Jerusalem: Department of Antiquities and Museums in the Ministry of Education and Culture, 1982).

Dothan, M. – Y. Porath, et al., Ashdod V: Excavations of Area G. The Fourth-Sixth Seasons of Excavations 1968-1970 (‘Atiqot 23; Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 1993).

Dothan, M. – D. Ben-Shlomo, Ashdod VI: The Excavations of Areas H and K (1968-1969). With contributions by D. T. Ariel et al. (IAA Reports, 24; Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 2005). [This final volume of the Reports appeared six years after M. Dothan's death (1919-1999)]

3.   Studies

Aster, S. Z., "Ashdod in the Assyrian Period: Territorial Extent and Political History", JNES 80 (2021) 323-340.

Ben-Shlomo, D., "The Iron Age Sequence of Tel Ashdod: A Rejoinder to 'Ashdod Revisited' by I. Finkelstein and L. Singer-Avitz", TA 30 (2003) 83-107.

Ben-Shlomo, D. – I. Shai – A. M. Maeir, "Late Philistine Decorated Ware ('Ashdod ware'): Typology, Chronology, and Production Centers", BASOR 335 (Aug. 2004) 1-35.

Ben-Shlomo, D. – M. D. Press, "A Reexamination of Aegean-Style Figurines in Light of New Evidence from Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Ekron", BASOR 353 (Feb. 2009) 39-74.

Cross, F. M. – D. N. Freedman, "The Name of Ashdod", BASOR 175 (Oct. 1964) 48-50.

Dothan, M., "Ashdod: A City of the Philistine Pentapolis", Archaeology 20 (1967) 178-186.

Dothan, M., "The Foundation of Tel Mor and of Ashdod", IEJ 23 (1973) 1-17.

Dothan, M., "When Was Ashdod in Israelite Hands? The Archaeological Evidence", in A. Shinan (ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth World Congress of Jewish Studies. Volume 1. Division A (Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1973) 89-91.

Dothan, M., "The Musicians of Ashdod", BA 40 (1977) 38-39.

Dothan, M., "Ashdod at the End of the Late Bronze Age and the Beginning of the Iron Age", in F. M. Cross (ed.), Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the American School of Oriental Research (Zion Research Foundation Occasional Publications, 1-2; Cambridge, MA: ASOR, 1979) 125-134.

Dothan, M., "Archaeological Evidence for Movements of the Early 'Sea Peoples' in Canaan", in S. Gitin – W. G. Dever (eds.), Recent Excavations in Israel. Studies in Iron Age Archaeology (Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 49; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989) 59-70.

Dothan, M., "Ethnicity and Archaeology: Some Observations on the Sea Peoples at Ashdod", in A. Biran – J. Aviram (eds.), Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990: Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Biblical Archaeology (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1993) 53-55.

Dothan, T. – A. Zukerman, "A Preliminary Study of the Mycenaean IIIC:1 Pottery Assemblages from Tel Miqne-Ekron and Ashdod", BASOR 333 (Feb. 2004) 1-54.

Finkelstein, I. – L. Singer-Avitz, "Ashdod Revisited", TA 28 (2001) 231-259.

Finkelstein, I. – L. Singer-Avitz, "'Ashdod Revisited' – Maintained", TA 31 (2004) 122-135.

Kaplan, J., "The Stronghold of Yamani at Ashdod-Yam", IEJ 19 (1969) 137-149.

Na’aman, N., "The Network of Canaanite Late Bronze Kingdoms and the City of Ashdod", UF 29 (1997) 599-626. Reprinted in N. Na’aman, N., Canaan in the Second Millennium b.c.e. Collected Essays, Volume 2 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2005) 145-172.

Shai, I. – D. Ben-Shlomo – A. M. Maeir, "The Philistines Material Culture in Process: The Late Philistine Decorated Ware ('Ashdod Ware') as a Case Study of Cultural Transformation", in H. Kuhne – R. M. Czichon – F. J. Kreppner (eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 29 March–3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin. Vol. 2: Social and Cultural Transformation; The Archaeology of Transitional Periods and Dark Ages; Excavation Reports (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2008) 235-244.

Shanks, H., "Assyrian Palace Discovered in Ashdod", BAR 33/1 (Jan.-Feb. 2007) 56-60.

Ussishkin, D., "Notes on Megiddo, Gezer, Ashdod, and Tel Batash in the Tenth to Ninth Centuries B.C.", BASOR 277/278 (Feb.-May 1990) 71-91.

II.    Ashkelon

1.   Overviews

Bryce, T., "Ashkelon", in T. Bryce (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. In consultation with H. D. Baker, D. T. Potts, J. N. Tubb, J. M. Webb, and P. Zimansky (London & New York: Routledge, 2009) 76-77.

Esse, D. L., "Ashkelon", ABD I (1992) 487-490.

Garfinkel, Y. – D. Dag, "Ashkelon", NEAEHL 5 (2008) 1577-1578. [on the Neolithic site; for the continuation of the article on the other periods see s.v. Stager 2008 ]

Laughlin, J. C. H., "Ashkelon: Home of the Middle Bronze Age Silver Calf and a Persian Dog Cemetery", in his Fifty Major Cities of the Bible (London & New York: Routledge, 2006) 37-42.

Negev, A. – S. Gibson (eds.), "Ashkelon (Tel); Ascalon", in their Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New edition, revised and updated (New York & London: Continuum, 2001) 56-58 (unsigned article).

Schloen, J. D., "Ashkelon", OEANE 1 (1997) 220-223.

Stager, L. E., "Ashkelon", NEAEHL 1 (1993) 103-112.

Stager, L. E., "Ashkelon: Tel Ashkelon", NEAEHL 5 (2008) 1578-1586. [this article is preceded by another on the Neolithic site: see s.v. Garfinkel & Dag]

2.   Final Reports

[The first four volumes can be downloaded here, under creative commons license.]


Stager, L. E. – J. D. Schloen – D. M. Master, et al., Ashkelon 1: Introduction and Overview (1985-2006) (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 1; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns / Harvard Semitic Museum, 2008).

Johnson, B. L., et al., Ashkelon 2: Imported Pottery of the Roman and Late Roman Periods (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 2; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns / Harvard Semitic Museum, 2008).

Stager, L. E. – D. M. Master – J. D. Schloen, et al., Ashkelon 3: The Seventh Century B.C.. With contributions by A. J. Aja, et al. (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 3; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns / Harvard Semitic Museum, 2011).

Press, M. D., et al., Ashkelon 4: The Iron Age Figurines of Ashkelon and Philistia (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 4; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns / Harvard Semitic Museum, 2012).

Huster, Y., et al., Ashkelon 5: The Land Behind Ashkelon. With contributions by D. M. Master, G. A. Pierce, and M. D. Press (Final reports of the Leon Levy expedition to Ashkelon, 5 – Harvard Semitic Museum publications; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015).

Stager, L. E. – J. D. Schloen – R. J. Voss, et al., Ashkelon 6: The Middle Bronze Age Ramparts and Gates of the North Slope and Later Fortifications (Final Reports of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 6 – Harvard Semitic Museum Publications; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, 2018).

Stager, L. E. – D. M. Master – A. J. Aja, et al., Ashkelon 7: The Iron Age I (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 7; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, 2020).

Hoffman, T., et al., Ashkelon 8: The Islamic and Crusader Periods (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 8; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, 2019).

Birney, K. J., et al., Ashkelon 9: The Hellenistic Period (Final Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, 9; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns / Penn State University Press, 2022).

3.   Studies

Asscher, Y. – M. A. S. Martin – D. Master – E. Boaretto, "A Radiocarbon Sequence for the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition at Ashkelon: Timing Early Philistine Pottery", BASOR 386 (Nov. 2021) 77-93.

Aviram, J. – A. Ben-Tor – J. Magness (eds.), Lawrence E. Stager Volume (Eretz-Israel 33; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2018).

Ben-Shlomo, D. – M. D. Press, "A Reexamination of Aegean-Style Figurines in Light of New Evidence from Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Ekron", BASOR 353 (Feb. 2009) 39-74.

Cross, F. M., "The Epigraphical Record: A Philistine Ostracon from Ashkelon", BAR 22/1 (Jan.-Feb. 1996) 64-65.

Fantalkin, A., "Why Did Nebuchadnezzar II Destroy Ashkelon in Kislev 604 B.C.E.?", in I. Finkelstein – N. Na’aman (eds.), The Fire Signals of Lachish: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Israel in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian Period in Honor of David Ussishkin (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011) 87-111.

Fantalkin, A., "Neo-Assyrian Involvement in the Southern Coastal Plain of Israel: Old Concepts and New Interpretations", in S. Z. Aster – A. Faust (eds.), The Southern Levant Under Assyrian Domination (University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns – Penn State University Press, 2018) 162-185.

Huehnergard, J., "The Name Ashkelon", in J. Aviram – A. Ben-Tor – J. Magness (eds.), Lawrence E. Stager Volume (Eretz-Israel 33; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2018) 91-97.

Master, D. M., "Trade and Politics: Ashkelon's Balancing Act in the Seventh Century B.C.E.", BASOR 330 (May 2003) 47-64.

Master, D. M., "Iron I Chronology at Ashkelon", in T. E. Levy – T. Higham (eds.), The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science (London: Equinox, 2005) 337-348.

Master, D. M. – L. E. Stager, "Buy Low, Sell High. The Marketplace at Ashkelon", BAR 40/1 (Jan.-Feb. 2014) 36-47.69.

Master, D. M. – A. J. Aja, "The Philistine Cemetery of Ashkelon", BASOR 377 (May 2017) 135-159.

Master, D. M., "Ally of Ashkelon: Phoenician Influence in a Philistine Port", in J. Aviram – A. Ben-Tor – J. Magness (eds.), Lawrence E. Stager Volume (Eretz-Israel 33; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2018) 133-141.

Master, D. M., "Nebuchadnezzar at Ashkelon", HeBAI 7 (2018) 79-92.

Na’aman, N., "Two Notes on the History of Ashkelon and Ekron in the Late Eighth-Seventh Centuries B.C.E.", TA 25 (1998) 219-227.

Shea, W. H., "Samson and Delilah in a Philistine text from Ashkelon", DavarLogos 2 (2003) 73-86.

Smith, A. M., "The Ashkelon Dog Cemetery Conundrum", JSem 24 (2015) 93-108.

Stager, L. E., "Silbernes Kalb in Aschkelon entdeckt", BK 46 (1991) 127-129.

Stager, L. E., "When Canaanites and Philistines Ruled Ashkelon", BAR 17/2 (Mar.-Apr. 1991) 24-29.31.35-37.40-42.

Stager, L. E., "Why Were Hundreds of Dogs Buried at Ashkelon?", BAR 17/3 (May-June 1991) 26-39.42.

Stager, L. E., "Eroticism and Infanticide at Ashkelon", BAR 17/4 (Jul.-Aug. 1991) 34-53.

Stager, L. E., Ashkelon Discovered: From Canaanites and Philistines to Romans and Moslems. With a contribution by P. Wapnish and a Foreword by H. Shanks (Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1991). Reprinted from three issues of BAR 1991 (see above).

Stager, L. E., "Ashkelon and the Archaeology of Destruction: Kislev 604 BCE", in A. Ben-Tor – A. Biran – G. Foerster (eds.), Joseph Aviram Volume (Eretz-Israel 25; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society 1996) 61*–74*.

Stager, L. E., "The Fury of Babylon: Ashkelon and the Archaeology of Destruction", BAR 22/1 (Jan.-Feb. 1996) 56-59.62-69.76-77.

Stager, L. E., "Chariot Fittings from Philistine Ashkelon", in S. Gitin – J. E. Wright – J. P. Dessel (eds.), Confronting the Past. Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 169-176.

Stager, L. E. – P. A. Mountjoy, "A Pictorial Krater from Philistine Ashkelon", in S. W. Crawford – A. Ben-Tor – J. P. Dessel – W. G. Dever – A. Mazar – J. Aviram (eds.), "Up to the Gates of Ekron": Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin (Jerusalem: W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research / Israel Exploration Society, 2007) 50-60.

Tappy, R. E., "East of Ashkelon: The Setting and Settling of the Judaean Lowlands in the Iron Age IIA Period", in J. D. Schloen (ed.), Exploring the Longue Durée: Essays in Honor of Lawrence E. Stager (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2009) 449-463.

4.   Online Resources

The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon (1985-2016): main site.

A large bibliography is available here (some abbreviations are explained at the end of this page).

More publications and database material are presented here.

"Ashkelon's Album Archive" can be viewed here.