Biblical Bibliographies
Charles Conroy [www.cjconroy.net]



Egypt and Canaan in the New Kingdom Period (LB and Early Iron)



[see also:  Amarna Letters;  Habiru and related groups;  Philistines and other 'Sea Peoples';  Stele of Merneptah]



The bibliography is divided into two sections as follows:

I.    General Surveys, including but not limited to the New Kingdom Period (LB & Early Iron)

Bietak, M., "Egypt and the Levant", in T. Wilkinson (ed.), The Egyptian World (London: Taylor & Francis, 2007) 417-448.

Cohen, S., "History of Egypt in Palestine", UEE 2016-11-06. Online here.

Hikade, T., "Egypt and the Near East", in D. T. Potts (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Literature and Culture; Chichester, UK & Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) II 833-850.

Lipiński, E., "Rapports de l'Égypte Antique avec Canaan, Israël et Juda", in E. Lipiński, Études d'histoire biblique (OLA 307; Leuven: Peeters, 2022) 1-36.

Mumford, G. D., "Egypt and the Levant", in M. L. Steiner – A. E. Killebrew (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant, c. 8000–332 BCE (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) 69-89.

II.    Specific studies on the New Kingdom Period (LB & Early Iron)

Aḥituv, S., "Economic Factors in the Egyptian Conquest of Canaan", IEJ 28 (1978) 93-105.

Bar, S. – D. Kahn – J. J. Shirley (eds.), Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature. Proceedings of a Conference at the University of Haifa, 3–7 May 2009 (CHANE 52; Leiden: Brill, 2011).

Ben-Dor Evian, S., "Egypt and Israel: The Never-Ending Story", NEA 80 (2017) 30-39.

Bryce, T., Letters of the Great Kings of the Ancient Near East: The Royal Correspondence of the Late Bronze Age (London: Routledge, 2003).

Bunimovitz, S., "On the Edge of Empires – Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BCE)", in T. E. Levy (ed.), The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land (London: Leicester University Press; New York: Facts on File, 1995) 320-331.

Bunimovitz, S., "'Canaan Is Your Land and Its Kings Are Your Servants': Conceptualizing the Late Bronze Age Egyptian Government in the Southern Levant", in A. Yasur-Landau – E. H. Cline – Y. M. Rowan (eds.), The Social Archaeology of the Levant: From Prehistory to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019) 265-280.

Charbit Nataf, K., Céramique et occupation égyptienne en Canaan au 13e siècle av. J. C.: Études de cas de Hazor, Megiddo et Lachish (BAR International Series, 2490; Oxford: Archaeopress, 2013).

Desroches Noblecourt, C., Ramsès II: la véritable histoire (Paris: Pygmalion – Gérard Watelet, 1996). Abridged English version: Ramses II: An Illustrated Biography (Paris: Flammarion, 2007).

Dever, W. G., "The Late Bronze – Early Iron I Horizon in Syria-Palestine: Egyptians, Canaanites, 'Sea Peoples', and Proto-Israelites", in W. A. Ward – M. S. Joukowsky (eds.), The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1992) 99-110.

Dijk, J. van, "The Amarna Period and the Later New Kingdom (c. 1352 – 1069 BC)", in I. Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Second edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003) 265-307. [first edition (2000) 272-313]

Dijkstra, M., "Canaan in the Transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age from an Egyptian Perspective", in L. L. Grabbe (ed.), The Land of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age (LHB/OTS 636; London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017) 59-89.

Dothan, T., "Aspects of Egyptian and Philistine Presence in Canaan during the Late Bronze – Early Iron Ages", in E. Lipiński (ed.), The Land of Israel: Cross-Roads of Civilizations. Proceedings of the Conference held at Brussels from the 3th [sic] to the 5th of December 1984 to mark the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Institute of Archaeology Queen Elisabeth of Belgium at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem: In Memory of Prof. Y. Yadin and Prof. Ch. Perelman (OLA 19; Leuven: Peeters, 1985) 55-75.

Drews, R., The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988).

Drews, R., The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).

Finkelstein, I., "The Territorial-Political System of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age", UF 28 (1996) 221-255.

Fischer, P. M., "The Transjordanian Jordan Valley in the Late Bronze Age: under Egyptian Control?", in A. M. Maeir – I. Shai – C. McKinny (eds.), The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan (Archaeology of the Biblical Worlds, 2; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019) 217-232. [with special focus on Tell Abu el-Kharaz]

Gonen, R., "Urban Canaan in the Late Bronze Age", BASOR 253 (Winter 1984) 61-73.

Gordon, C. H., "The Mediterranean Synthesis", in W. A. Ward – M. S. Joukowsky (eds.), The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1992) 188-196.

Grabbe, L. L. (ed.), The Land of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age (LHB/OTS 636; London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017).

Grabbe, L. L., "Canaan under the Rule of the Egyptian New Kingdom: From the Hyksos to the Sea Peoples", in L. L. Grabbe (ed.), The Land of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age (LHB/OTS 636; London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017) 90-101.

Hallo, W. W., "From Bronze Age to Iron Age in Western Asia: Defining the Problem", in W. A. Ward – M. S. Joukowsky (eds.), The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1992) 1-9.

Hasel, M. G., Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, ca. 1300-1185 B.C. (Probleme der Ägyptologie, 11; Leiden: Brill, 1998).

Hasel, M. G., "The Battle of Kadesh: Identifying New Kingdom Polities, Places, and Peoples in Canaan and Syria", in S. Bar – D. Kahn – J.J. Shirley (eds.), Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature. Proceedings of a Conference at the University of Haifa, 3-7 May 2009 (CHANE 52; Leiden: Brill, 2011) 65-86.

Helck, W., Die Beziehungen Ägyptens zu Vorderasien im 3. und 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. (Ägyptologische Abhandlungen, 5; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 21971 [11962]).

Helck, W., Die Beziehungen Ägyptens und Vorderasiens zur Ägäis bis ins 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Zweite, von Rosemarie Drenkhahn durchgesehene und bearbeitete Neuauflage (EdF 120; Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1995 [11979]).

Hess, R. S., "Occurrences of 'Canaan' in Late Bronze Age Archives of the West Semitic World", Israel Oriental Studies 18 (1998) 365-372.

Higginbotham, C. R., Egyptianization and Elite Emulation in Ramesside Palestine: Governance and Accommodation on the Imperial Periphery (CHANE 2; Leiden: Brill, 2000).

Hirsch, E. N., "Ramses III. und sein Verhältnis zur Levante", in R. Gundlach – U. Rößler-Köhler (eds.), Das Königtum der Ramessidenzeit. Voraussetzungen – Verwirklichung – Vermächtnis. Akten des 3. Symposiums zur Ägyptischen Königsideologie, Bonn, 7.-9.6.2001 (ÄAT 36.3; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2003) 197-238.

Kitchen, K. A., Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt (Monumenta Hannah Sheen dedicata, 2; Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1982).

Klengel, H., "The Political Situation in Palestine and Syria as Reflected in the Amarna Tablets – A Reconsideration", in Sh. Shawqi (ed.), Studies in the History and Archaeology of Palestine (Damascus: Aleppo University – Palestine Archaeological Centre, 1986) 77-84.

Koch, I., "Southwestern Canaan and Egypt during the Late Bronze Age I-IIA", in A. M. Maeir – I. Shai – C. McKinny (eds.), The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan (Archaeology of the Biblical Worlds, 2; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019) 262-282.

Koch, I., Colonial Encounters in Southwest Canaan during the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (CHANE 119; Leiden: Brill, 2021).

Leonard, A., Jr., "Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine: The Late Bronze Age", BA 52 (1989) 4-39.

Lesko, L. H., "Egypt in the 12th Century B.C.", in W. A. Ward – M. S. Joukowsky (eds.), The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1992) 151-156.

Liverani, M., Prestige and Interest: International Relations in the Near East ca. 1600-1100 B.C. (History of the Ancient Near East. Studies, 1; Padova: Sargon, 1990). [see Liverani 2001 below for a revised edition]

Liverani, M., Guerra e diplomazia nell'Antico Oriente 1600–1100 a.C. (Collezione storica; Roma: Laterza, 1994). [an "edizione semplificata" of his Prestige and Interest ... (1990)]

Liverani, M., International Relations in the Ancient Near East, 1600-1100 BC (Studies in Diplomacy; Houndmills: Palgrave, 2001). [revised edition of his 1990 study above]

Martin, M. A. S., Egyptian-Type Pottery in the Late Bronze Age Southern Levant (Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie, 69 / Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean, 29; Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2011).

Mazar, A., Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: 10,000 – 586 B.C.E. (ABRL; New York: Doubleday, 1990), esp. 232-294 [Chap. Seven: "In the Shadow of Egyptian Domination: The Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550-1200 BCE)"].

Mazar, A., "The Egyptian Garrison Town at Beth-Shean", in S. Bar – D. Kahn – J.J. Shirley (eds.), Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature. Proceedings of a Conference at the University of Haifa, 3-7 May 2009 (CHANE 52; Leiden: Brill, 2011) 155-189.

Merrillees, R. S., "Political Conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age", BA 49 (1986) 42-50.

Miller, J. M., "Palestine during the Bronze Age", in J. Barton (ed.), The Biblical World (London: Routledge, 2002) 363-390.

Muhly, J. D., "The Crisis Years in the Mediterranean World: Transition or Cultural Disintegration?", in W. A. Ward – M. S. Joukowsky (eds.), The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1992) 10-26.

Naʾaman, N., "Economic Aspects of the Egyptian Occupation of Canaan", IEJ 31 (1981) 172-185. Reprinted in his Canaan in the Second Millennium... (2005) 216-231 (see below).

Naʾaman, N., "Pharaonic Lands in the Jezreel Valley in the Late Bronze Age", in M. Heltzer – E. Lipiński (eds.), Society and Economy in the Eastern Mediterranean (c. 1500–1000 B.C.). Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the University of Haifa from the 28th of April to the 2nd of May 1985 (OLA 23; Leuven: Peeters, 1988) 177-185. Reprinted in his Canaan in the Second Millennium... (2005) 232-241 (see below).

Naʾaman, N., Canaan in the Second Millennium b.c.e. Collected Essays, Volume 2 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2005).

Oren, E. D. (ed.), The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives. International Seminar on Cultural Interconnections in the Ancient Near East, Philadelphia 1992 (University Museum Monograph, 96 / University Museum Symposium Series, 8; Philadelphia : The University Museum, 1997).

Panitz-Cohen, N., "The Southern Levant (Cisjordan) in the Late Bronze Age", in M. L. Steiner – A. E. Killebrew (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant, c. 8000–332 BCE (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013) 541-560.

Pernigotti, S., L'Egitto di Ramesse II tra guerra e pace (TVOA 1/7; Brescia: Paideia, 2010).

Pfoh, E., Syria-Palestine in the Late Bronze Age: An Anthropology of Politics and Power (Copenhagen International Seminar; London & New York: Routledge, 2016).

Pitard, W. T., "Before Israel: Syria-Palestine in the Bronze Age", in M. D. Coogan (ed.), The Oxford History of the Biblical World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) 33-77 [= 25-57 in the 2001 paperback edition].

Redford, D. B., Egypt and Canaan in the New Kingdom (Beer-Sheva, 4; Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press, 1990).

Redford, D. B., Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).

Redford, D. B., "Egypt and Western Asia in the Late New Kingdom: An Overview", in E. D. Oren (ed.), The Sea Peoples and their World. A Reassessment (University Museum Monograph, 108; Philadelphia, PA: Univ. Museum, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 2000) 1-20.

Redford, D. B., The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III (CHANE 16; Leiden: Brill, 2003).

Singer, I., "Egyptians, Canaanites, and Philistines in the Period of the Emergence of Israel", in I. Finkelstein – N. Naʾaman (eds.), From Nomadism to Monarchy. Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi / Israel Exploration Society; Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1994) 282-338.

Steen, E. van der, "The Archaeology of the Late Bronze Age in Palestine", in L. L. Grabbe (ed.), The Land of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age (LHB/OTS 636; London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017) 159-175.

Tadmor, H., "The Decline of Empires in Western Asia ca. 1200 B.C.E.", in F. M. Cross (ed.), Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1900-1975) (Zion Research Foundations. Occasional Publications, 1-2; Cambridge, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1979) 1-14.

Van De Mieroop, M., The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramses II (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007).

Vaux, R. de, Histoire ancienne d'Israël. Vol. I: Des origines à l'installation en Canaan. (EtBib; Paris: Gabalda, 1971), esp. 85-121 (Chap. V: "La Palestine sous les XVIIIe et XIXe dynasties égyptiennes"). For English and Spanish translations see here.

Ward, W. A., "Egyptian Relations with Canaan", ABD II (1992) 399-408.

Weinstein, J. M., "The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment", BASOR 241 (Winter 1981) 1-28.

Weinstein, J. M., "The Collapse of the Egyptian Empire in the Southern Levant", in W. A. Ward – M. S. Joukowsky (eds.), The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. from beyond the Danube to the Tigris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1992) 142-150.

Weinstein, J. M., "Egypt and Canaan in the Bronze Age: A Century of Research", in D. R. Clark – V. H. Matthews (eds.), One Hundred Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East. Proceedings of the American Schools of Oriental Research Centennial Celebration, Washington, DC, April 2000 (Boston, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2003) 145-156.