The bibliography is divided into two sections as follows:
Alt, A., Die Staatenbildung der Israeliten in Palästina. Verfassungsgeschichtliche Studien (Leipzig: Edelmann, 1930) [Sonderabdruck aus dem Reformationsprogramm der Universität Leipzig 1930; 80 pp]. Reprinted as "Die Staatenbildung der Israeliten in Palästina", in A. Alt, Kleine Schriften zur Geschichte des Volkes Israel II (München: Beck, 1953) 1-65. The last sections of the 1930 study were not republished in the 1953 version but were replaced by a reference to the following essay "Das Königtum in den Reichen Israel und Juda", VT 1 (1951) 2-22; reprinted in A. Alt, Kleine Schriften II (München: Beck, 1953) 116-134. English versions: "The Formation of the Israelite State in Palestine" and "The Monarchy in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah", in A. Alt, Essays on Old Testament History and Religion (Oxford: Blackwell, 1966) 171-237 and 239-259.
Ben-Yosef, E., "Rethinking the Social Complexity of Early Iron Age Nomads", JJAR 1 (2021) 155-179. [open-access online here]
Brooks, S. S., "The Habiru/‘Apiru and ‘ibrim and the Connection with I Samuel", Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 19-20 (2001-2002) 65-70.
Buccellati, G., Cities and Nations of Ancient Syria. An Essay on Political Institutions with Special Reference to the Israelite Kingdoms (Studi semitici, 26; Roma: Università di Roma, Istituto di Studi del Vicino Oriente, 1967).
Čapek, F., "The Shephelah in the Iron Age I and Iron Age IIA: A New Survey of the Emergence of the Early Kingdom of Judah", Archív Orientální 80 (2012) 475-504.
Cazelles, H., "Clans, état monarchique, et tribus", in A. G. Auld (ed.), Understanding Poets and Prophets. Essays in Honour of George Wishart Anderson (JSOTSup 152; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1993) 77-92.
Cohen, M. E., "Is Jacob Hiding in the House of Saul?", in O. Lipschits – Y. Gadot – M. Adams (eds.), Rethinking Israel: Studies in the History and Archaeology of Ancient Israel in Honor of Israel Finkelstein (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017) 57-69.
Coote, R. B. – K. W. Whitelam, "The Emergence of Israel: Social Transformation and State Formation Following the Decline in Late Bronze Age Trade", Semeia 37 (1986) 107-147. Reprinted (same title) in C. E. Carter (ed.), Community, Identity, and Ideology. Social Science Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (Sources for Biblical and Theological Study, 6; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1996) 335-376.
Crüsemann, F., Der Widerstand gegen das Königtum. Die antiköniglichen Texte des Alten Testaments und der Kampf um den frühen israelitischen Staat (WMANT 49; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978).
Davies, P. R., "Introduction to the Origins of the Ancient Israelite States", in V. Fritz – P. R. Davies (eds.), The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States (JSOTSup 228; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996) 11-21.
Dever, W. G., "From Tribe to Nation: State Formation Processes in Ancient Israel", in S. Mazzoni (ed.), Nuove fondazioni nel Vicino Oriente Antico: realtà e ideologia. Atti del Colloquio 4-6 Dicembre 1991 Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche del Mondo Antico. Sezione di Egittologia e Scienze Storiche del Vicino Oriente. Università degli Studi di Pisa (Seminari di Orientalistica, 4; Pisa: Giardini, 1994) 213-229.
Dever, W. G., "Archaeology, Urbanism and the Rise of the Israelite State", in W. E. Auffrecht – N. A. Mirau – S. W. Gauley (eds), Urbanism in Antiquity from Mesopotamia to Crete (JSOTSup 244; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 173-193.
Dever, W., "Solomon, Scripture, and Science: The Rise of the Judahite State in the 10th Century BCE", JJAR 1 (2021) 102-125. [open-access online here]
Dietrich, W., Die frühe Königszeit in Israel: 10. Jahrhundert v. Chr. (Biblische Enzyklopädie, 3; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1997). Updated English version: The Early Monarchy in Israel: The Tenth Century B.C.E. (SBL Biblical Encyclopedia, 3; Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature; Leiden: Brill, 2007).
Dietrich, M. – W. Dietrich, "Zwischen Gott und Volk. Einführung des Königtums und Auswahl des Königs nach mesopotamischer und israelitischer Anschauung", in M. Dietrich – I. Kottsieper (eds), "Und Mose schrieb dieses Lied auf": Studien zum Alten Testament und zum Alten Orient. Festschrift für Oswald Loretz zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres mit Beiträgen von Freunden, Schülern und Kollegen (AOAT 250; Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1998) 215-264.
Dietrich, W., "Staatsbildung und frühes Königtum in Israel. Geschichte und biblische Geschichtsschreibung", in S. Grätz – A. Graupner – J. Lanckau (eds.), Ein Freund des Wortes: Festschrift Udo Rüterswörden (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019) 55-68.
Dietrich, W., "Israelite State Formation and Early Monarchy in History and Biblical Historiography", in B. E. Kelle – B. A. Strawn (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2020) 94-108.
Faust, A., "Abandonment, Urbanization, Resettlement and the Formation of the Israelite State", NEA 66 (2003) 147-161.
Faust, A. – Y. Garfinkel – M. Mumcuoglu, "The Study of the 10th Century BCE in the Early 21st Century CE: An Overview", JJAR 1 (2021) 1-14. [open-access online here]
Faust, A., "The 'United Monarchy' on the Ground: The Disruptive Character of the Iron Age I–II Transition and the Nature of Political Transformations", JJAR 1 (2021) 15-67. [open-access online here]
Feinman, G. M. – J. Marcus (eds.), Archaic States (School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series; Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press, 1998).
Finkelstein, I., "The Emergence of the Monarchy in Israel: The Environmental and Socio-Economic Aspects", JSOT 44 (1989) 43-74.
Finkelstein, I., "Seilun, Khirbet", ABD V (1992) 1069-1072.
Finkelstein, I., "State Formation in Israel and Judah: A Contrast in Context, a Contrast in Trajectory", NEA 62 (1999) 35-52.
Finkelstein, I., "The Beginning of the State in Israel and Judah [Hebr.]", in B. A. Levine – P. J. King – J. Naveh – E. Stern (eds), Frank Moore Cross Volume (Eretz-Israel 26; Jerusalem: The Israel Exploration Society, 1999) 132-141 (with English summary on 233*).
Finkelstein, I., "The Rise of Jerusalem and Judah: The Missing Link", Levant 33 (2001) 105-115. Slightly revised and expanded, under the same title, in A. G. Vaughn – A. E. Killebrew (eds.), Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology. The First Temple Period (SBLSymS 18; Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2003) 81-101.
Finkelstein, I., "City-States to States. Polity Dynamics in the 10th-9th Centuries B.C.E.", in W. G. Dever – S. Gitin (eds.), Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past. Canaan, Ancient Israel, and Their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age Through Roman Palaestina. Proceedings of the Centennial Symposium W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and American Schools of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, May 29–31, 2000 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003) 75-83.
Finkelstein, I., "[De]formation of the Israelite State: A Rejoinder on Methodology", NEA 68 (2005) 202-208. [a critique of Faust, NEA 2003: see above]
Finkelstein, I. – N. Naʾaman, "Shechem of the Amarna Period and the Rise of the Northern Kingdom of Israel", IEJ 55 (2005) 172-193.
Finkelstein, I., "Saul, Benjamin and the Emergence of 'Biblical Israel': An Alternative View", ZAW 123 (2011) 348-367. [debate with Na’aman's studies in ZAW 2009 and Bib 2010: see below]
Finkelstein, I., "Chapter 2: The First North Israelite Territorial Entity: The Gibeon/Gibeah Polity and the House of Saul", in his The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel (ANEM 5; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2013) 37-61 [the volume can be downloaded here]. Original French edition: Le Royaume biblique oublié (Travaux du Collège de France; Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob, 2013). Italian: Il regno dimenticato: Israele e le origini nascoste della Bibbia (Frecce 187; Roma: Carocci, 2014).
Finkelstein, I. – E. Piasetzky, "Radiocarbon Dating Khirbet Qeiyafa and the Iron I–IIA Phases in the Shephelah: Methodological Comments and a Bayesian Model", Radiocarbon 57/5 (2015) 891-907.
Finkelstein, I., "What the Biblical Authors Knew about Canaan before and in the Early Days of the Hebrew Kingdoms", UF 48 (2017) 173-198.
Finkelstein, I., "Saul and Highlands of Benjamin Update: The Role of Jerusalem", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 33-56.
Flanagan, J. W., "Chiefs in Israel", JSOT 20 (1981) 47-73.
Flanagan, J. W., "Models for the Origin of Iron Age Monarchy: A Modern Case Study", in K. H. Richards (ed.), SBL 1982 Seminar Papers (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1982) 135-156.
Fleming, D. E., "The Bible's Little Israel: Terminological Clasts in a Compositional Matrix", HeBAI 10 (2021) 149-186.
Frick, F. S., The Formation of the State in Ancient Israel. A Survey of Models and Theories (The Social World of Biblical Antiquity, 4; Sheffield: Almond Press, 1985).
Fritz, V. – P. R. Davies (eds.), The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States (JSOTSup 228; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996).
Garfinkel, Y. – K. Streit – S. Ganor – M. G. Hasel, "State Formation in Judah: Biblical Tradition, Modern Historical Theories and Radiometric Dates at Khirbet Qeiyafa", Radiocarbon 54 (2012) 359-369.
Garfinkel, Y. – K. Streit – S. Ganor – P. J. Reimer, "King David's City at Khirbet Qeiyafa: Results of the Second Radiocarbon Dating Project", Radiocarbon 57/5 (2015) 881-890.
Garfinkel, Y., "The 10th Century BCE in Judah: Archaeology and the Biblical Tradition", JJAR 1 (2021) 126-154. [open-access online here]
Gottwald, N. K., "Introduction", in N. K. Gottwald (ed.), "Social Scientific Criticism of the Hebrew Bible and its Social World: The Israelite Monarchy", Semeia 37 (1986) 1-8.
Gottwald, N. K., "The Participation of Free Agrarians in the Introduction of the Monarchy to Ancient Israel: An Application of H. A. Landsberger's Framework for the Analysis of Peasant Movements", Semeia 37 (1986) 77-106.
Grabbe, L. L., "Iron Age: Tribes to Monarchy", in R. G. Hoyland – H. G. M. Williamson (eds.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018) 33-60. Paperback edition (and e-book) under the title The Oxford History of the Holy Land (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023) 34-61.
Grabbe, L. L. , "Kings Saul, David, and Arthur: On Writing a History of the 'Dark Age'", in C. Shafer-Elliott – K. Joachimsen – E. Ben Zvi – P. A. Viviano (eds.), The Hunt for Ancient Israel: Essays in Honour of Diana V. Edelman (Sheffield: Equinox, 2022) 294-312.
Greenhut, Z., "Moẓa during the 10th–9th Centuries BCE: The Results of Excavation Seasons 1993, 2002, and 2003 and Their Reflection in a Wider Judahite Context", JJAR 1 (2021) 180-202. [open-access online here]
Hauer, C. E., "From Alt to Anthropology: The Rise of the Israelite State", JSOT 36 (1986) 3-15.
Herzog, Z. – L. Singer-Avitz, "Redefining the Centre: The Emergence of State in Judah", Tel Aviv 31 (2004) 209-244.
Herzog, Z., "State Formation and the Iron Age I-Iron Age IIA Transition: Remarks on the Faust-Finkelstein debate", NEA 70 (2007) 20-21.
Joffe, A. H., "The Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant", JESHO 45 (2002) 425-467.
Joffe, A. H., "Defining the State", in C. A. Rollston (ed.), Enemies and Friends of the State: Ancient Prophecy in Context (University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns – Penn State University Press, 2018) 3-23.
Keimer, K. H., "Evaluating the 'United Monarchy' of Israel: Unity and Identity in Text and Archaeology", JJAR 1 (2021) 68-101. [open-access online here]
Kelle, B. E., "The Early Monarchy and the Stories of Saul, David, and Solomon", in S. Niditch (ed.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Ancient Israel (Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion; Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016) 177-196.
Kessler, R. – W. Sommerfeld – L. Tramontini (eds.), State Formation and State Decline in the Near and Middle East (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016).
Khoury, P. S. – J. Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990).
Koch, I., "On Philistines and Early Israelite Kings: Memories and Perceptions", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 7-31.
Krause, J. J. – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020).
Krause, J. J. – O. Sergi – K. Weingart, "Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Problems and Perspectives", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 1-6.
Krause, J. J., "The Land of Benjamin between the Emerging Kingdoms of Israel and Judah: A Historical Hypothesis on the Reign of Rehoboam", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 111-131.
Lemche, N. P., "The Origin of the Israelite State. A Copenhagen Perspective on the Emergence of Critical Historical Studies of Ancient Israel in Recent Times", SJOT 12 (1998) 44-63.
Levin, C., "Das vorstaatliche Israel", ZThK 97 (2000) 385-403. Reprinted in C. Levin, Fortschreibungen. Gesammelte Studien zum Alten Testament (BZAW 316; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2003) 142-157.
Lipschits, O., "Benjamin in Retrospective: Stages in the Creation of the Territory of the Benjamin Tribe", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 161-199. Reprinted in O. Lipschits, Judah in the Biblical Period: Historical, Archaeological, and Biblical Studies. Selected Essays (BZAW 497; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2024) 399-420.
Master, D. M., "State Formation Theory and the Kingdom of Ancient Israel", JNES 60 (2001) 117-131.
Master, D. M., "Reconstructing the Tenth Century in Ancient Israel", in D. R. Clark – V. H. Matthews (eds.), One Hundred Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East. Proceedings of the American Schools of Oriental Research Centennial Celebration, Washington, DC, April 2000 (Boston, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2003) 215-229.
Master, D. M., "The Philistines in the Highlands: A View from Ashkelon", JJAR 1 (2021) 203-220. [open-access online here]
Mayes, A. D. H., "The Rise of the Israelite Monarchy", ZAW 90 (1978) 1-19.
Monroe, L., "On the Origins and Development of Greater Israel", HeBAI 10 (2021) 187-227.
Naʾaman, N., "Saul, Benjamin and the Emergence of 'Biblical Israel' (Part 1)", ZAW 121 (2009) 211-224.
Naʾaman, N., "Saul, Benjamin and the Emergence of 'Biblical Israel' (Continued, Part 2)", ZAW 121 (2009) 335-349.
Naʾaman, N., "The Israelite-Judahite Struggle for the Patrimony of Ancient Israel", Bib 91 (2010) 1-23.
Neu, R., Von der Anarchie zum Staat. Entwicklungsgeschichte Israels vom Nomadentum zur Monarchie im Spiegel der Ethnosoziologie (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1992).
Neu, R., "Die Entstehung des Königtums im Lichte der Ethnosoziologie", in C. Sigrist – R. Neu (eds.), Die Entstehung des Königtums (Ethnologische Texte zum Alten Testament, 2; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1997) 12-20.
Nolan, C. J., A Critical Appraisal of the Origin and Nature of the Institution of the Monarchy in Israel in the Light of Eric Voegelin's Theory of Symbolic Forms (Texts and Studies in Religion, 99; Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2003).
Oswald, W., "Possible Historical Settings of the Saul-David Narrative", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 93-109.
Pfoh, E., "Dealing with Tribes and States in Ancient Palestine: A Critique on the Use of State Formation Theories in the Archaeology of Israel", SJOT 22 (2008) 86-113.
Pfoh, E., The Emergence of Israel in Ancient Palestine: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives (Copenhagen International Seminar; London: Equinox, 2009).
Polak, F. H., "Speaking of Kingship: The Institution of the Monarchy in Israel: Negotiations, Historical Memory and Social Drama", in H. G. Reventlow – Y. Hoffman (eds.), Religious Responses to Political Crises in Jewish and Christian Tradition (LHB/OTS 444; New York: T & T Clark, 2008) 3-17.
Portugali, J., "Theoretical Speculations on the Transition from Nomadism to Monarchy", in I. Finkelstein – N. Na’aman (eds.), From Nomadism to Monarchy. Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi / Israel Exploration Society; Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1994) 203-217.
Rainey, A. F., "Stones for Bread. Archaeology Versus History." NEA 64 (2001) 140-149. [debate with Finkelstein, NEA 1999 (see above)]
Schäfer-Lichtenberger, C., "Sociological and Biblical Views of the Early State", in V. Fritz – P. R. Davies (eds.), The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States (JSOTSup 228; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996) 78-105.
Schäfer-Lichtenberger, C., "Ethnicity and State Formation in the Levant during the Early Iron Age", in R. Kessler – W. Sommerfeld – L. Tramontini (eds.), State Formation and State Decline in the Near and Middle East (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016) 99-120.
Sergi, O., "State Formation, Religion and 'Collective Identity' in the Southern Levant", HeBAI 4 (2015) 56-77.
Sergi, O., "The Emergence of Judah as a Political Entity between Jerusalem and Benjamin", ZDPV 133 (2017) 1-23.
Sergi, O., "Erzählung, Geschichten und Geschichte in den biblischen Überlieferungen von der Entstehung der Monarchie (1 Sam 9 – 2 Sam 5)", in I. Fischer – J. Claassens (eds.), Prophetie (Die Bibel und die Frauen: Eine exegetisch-kulturgeschichtliche Enzyklopädie. Band Hebräische Bibel – Altes Testament 1.2; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2019) 19-43.
Sergi, O., "Israelite Identity and the Formation of the Israelite Polities in the Iron I-IIA Central Canaanite Highlands", WO 49 (2019) 206-235.
Sergi, O., "The Formation of Israelite Identity in the Central Canaanite Highlands in the Iron Age I–IIA", NEA 82 (2019) 42-51.
Sergi, O., "Saul, David, and the Formation of the Israelite Monarchy: Revisiting the Historical and Literary Context of 1 Samuel 9 – 2 Samuel 5", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 57-91.
Sergi, O., "Saul, David und die Entstehung der Monarchie in Israel: Neubewertung des historischen und literarischen Kontexts von 1Sam 9 – 2Sam 5", in H. Bezzel – R. G. Kratz (eds.), David in the Desert: Tradition and Redaction in the "History of David's Rise" (BZAW 514; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021) 35-63. [a revised and updated version of his 2019 article "Erzählung, Geschichten und Geschichte..." (noted above)]
Sergi, O., "The Formation of the Israelite Monarchies in Archaeology, History and Historiography", in I. Koch – O. Lipschits – O. Sergi (eds.), From Nomadism to Monarchy? Revisiting the Early Iron Age Southern Levant (Mosaics. Studies on Ancient Israel, 3; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns; Tel Aviv: Emery and Clare Yass Publications in Archaeology, The Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, 2023) 159-199.
Sergi, O., The Two Houses of Israel: State Formation and the Origins of Pan-Israelite Identity (SBLABS 33; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2023).
Strange, J., "The Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Emergence of the Israelite State", SJOT 1 (1987) 1-19.
Wagner-Tsukamoto, S., "State Formation in the Hebrew Bible: An Institutional Economic Perspective", JSOT 37.4 (June 2013) 391-422.
Weingart, K., "Jeroboam and Benjamin: Pragmatics and Date of 1 Kings 11:26-40; 12:1-20", in J. J. Krause – O. Sergi – K. Weingart (eds.), Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives (SBLAIL 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2020) 133-159.
Whitelam, K. W., "King and Kingship", ABD IV (1992) 40-48 (esp. 40-42).
Zwickel, W., "Der Beitrag der Ḫabiru zur Entstehung des Königtums", UF 28 (1996) 751-766. Reprinted in W. Zwickel, Studien zur Geschichte Israels (SBAB 59; Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2015) 61-76.
Ben-Yosef, E., "And Yet, a Nomadic Error: A Reply to Israel Finkelstein", Antiguo Oriente 18 (2020): online article here.
Ben-Yosef, E., "A False Contrast? On the Possibility of an Early Iron Age Nomadic Monarchy in the Arabah (Early Edom) and its Implications for the Study of Ancient Israel", in I. Koch – O. Lipschits – O. Sergi (eds.), From Nomadism to Monarchy? Revisiting the Early Iron Age Southern Levant (Mosaics. Studies on Ancient Israel, 3; University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns; Tel Aviv: Emery and Clare Yass Publications in Archaeology, The Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, 2023) 235-262.
Bienkowski, P., "The Origin and Development of Edom", in S. Mazzoni (ed.), Nuove fondazioni nel Vicino Oriente Antico: realtà e ideologia. Atti del Colloquio 4-6 dicembre 1991 Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche del Mondo Antico. Sezione di Egittologia e Scienze Storiche del Vicino Oriente. Università Degli Studi di Pisa (Seminari di orientalistica, 4; Pisa: Giardini, 1994) 253-268.
Bienkowski, P., "Iron Age Settlement in Edom: A Revised Framework", in P. M. M. Daviau – J. W. Wevers – M. Weigl (eds.),The World of the Aramaeans, II: Studies in History and Archaeology in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion (JSOTSup 325; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001) 257-269.
Bienkowski, P., "The Formation of Edom: An Archaeological Critique of the 'Early Edom' Hypothesis", BASOR 388 (Nov. 2022) 113-132.
Buccellati, G., Cities and Nations of Ancient Syria. An Essay on Political Institutions with Special Reference to the Israelite Kingdoms (Studi semitici, 26; Roma: Università di Roma, Istituto di Studi del Vicino Oriente, 1967).
Bunnens, G. (ed.), Essays on Syria in the Iron Age (Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Supplement, 7; Leuven: Peeters, 2000).
Dornemann, R. H., "State Formation in Syria at the Beginning of the Iron Age", in D. R. Clark – V. H. Matthews (eds.), One Hundred Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East. Proceedings of the American Schools of Oriental Research Centennial Celebration, Washington, DC, April 2000 (Boston, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2003) 199-214.
Finkelstein, I., "The Arabah Copper Polity and the Rise of Iron Age Edom: A Bias in Biblical Archaeology?", Antiguo Oriente 18 (2020): online article here.
Frevel, C., "State Formation in the Southern Levant – The Case of the Arameans and the Role of Hazael's Expansion", in A. Berlejung – A. M. Maeir (eds.), Research on Israel and Aram. Autonomy, Independence and Related Issues. Proceedings of the First Annual RIAB Center Conference, Leipzig, June 2016: Research on Israel and Aram in Biblical Times, I (ORA 34; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019) 347-372.
Heltzer, M., "On Premonarchical Political Units in the Southern Levant in the 12th(?) – 11th Century BCE", in M. Heltzer – M. Malul (eds.), Teshûrôt LaAvishur: Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East, in Hebrew and Semitic Languages. Festschrift Presented to Prof. Yitzhak Avishur on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday (Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center Publication, 2004) 81*-86*.
Joffe, A. H., "The Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant", JESHO 45 (2002) 425-467.
Kamlah, J., "Das Ostjordanland im Zeitalter der Entstehung Israels", TQ 186 (2006) 118-133.
Kleiman, A., Beyond Israel and Aram: The Archaeology and History of Iron Age Communities in the Central Levant (ORA 49 – Research on Israel and Aram in Biblical Times, 5; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022).
MacDonald, B., "Early Edom: The Relation between the Literary and Archaeological Evidence", in M. D. Coogan – J. C. Exum – L. E. Stager (eds.), Scripture and Other Artifacts: Essays on the Bible and Archaeology in Honor of Philip J. King (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994) 230-246.
Maeir, A. M., "Identity Creation and Resource Controlling Strategies: Thoughts on Edomite Ethnogenesis and Development", BASOR 386 (Nov. 2021) 209-220.
Naʾaman, N., "Biblical Archaeology and the Emergence of the Kingdom of Edom", Antiguo Oriente 19 (2021) 11-40: online access here.
Niehr, H. (ed.), The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria (Handbuch der Orientalistik, 1: Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten / Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, Ancient Near East, 106; Leiden: Brill, 2014).
Porter, B. W., Complex Communities: The Archaeology of Early Iron Age West-Central Jordan (Tuscon, AZ: Univerity of Arizona Press, 2013).
Routledge, B. E., "Evolution Is As History Does: On State Formation in Iron Age Transjordan", in D. R. Clark – V. H. Matthews (eds.), One Hundred Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East. Proceedings of the American Schools of Oriental Research Centennial Celebration, Washington, DC, April 2000 (Boston, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2003) 231-261.
Routledge, B. E., "Conditions of State Formation at the Edges of Empire: the Case of Iron Age Moab", in R. Kessler – W. Sommerfeld – L. Tramontini (eds.), State Formation and State Decline in the Near and Middle East (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016) 77-97.
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