Biblical Bibliographies
Charles Conroy [www.cjconroy.net]



The Achaemenid Persian Period in Israel



[see also:  Judeans in Babylonia; Judeans in Egypt; Palestinian archaeology; Samaria and the Samaritans ]


The bibliography is divided into six sections as follows:

I.    The Achaemenid Persian Empire: selected studies

1.   Historical and administrative topics

Albertz, R., "Zur Wirtschaftspolitik des Perserreiches", in R. Albertz, Geschichte und Theologie: Studien zur Exegese des Alten Testaments und zur Religionsgeschichte Israels. Edited by I. Kottsieper – J. Wöhrle (BZAW 326; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2003) 335-357.

Allen, L., The Persian Empire: A History (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; London: British Museum Press, 2005).

Basello, G. P., "Il Cilindro di Ciro tradotto dal testo babilonese", in G. L. Prato (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013) 249-259.

Basello, G. P., "Le unità amministrative dell'impero achemenide (satrapie): il potere percepito dai popoli sottomessi e le immagini di ritorno", in G. L. Prato (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013) 37-97.

Bloch, Y., "The Contribution of the Babylonian Tablets in the Collection of David Sofer to the Chronology of the Revolts against Darius I", Altorientalische Forschungen 42 (2015) 1-14.

Bresciani, E., "Chap. 9: The Persian Occupation of Egypt", in I. Gershevitch (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. II: The Median and Achaemenian Periods (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985) 502-528.

Bresciani, E., "La sixième satrapie: l'Égypte perse et ses Sémites", in O. Abel – F. Smyth (eds.), Le livre de traverse. De l'exégèse biblique à l'anthropologie (Patrimoines; Paris: Cerf, 1992) 87-99.

Briant, P., "Persian Empire", ABD V (1992) 236-244.

Briant, P., Histoire de l'empire perse de Cyrus à Alexandre. 2 vol. (Achaemenid History, 10; Leiden: Netherlands Institute voor het Nabije Oosten, 1996; Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1996); = From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002) [in one volume, with corrections and revisions by the author].

Briant, P., "Persia and the Persians", in B. T. Arnold – B. A. Strawn (eds.), The World Around the Old Testament: The People and Places of the Ancient Near East (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2016) 379-415. Reprinted in P. Briant, From Cyrus to Seleukos: Studies in Achaemenid and Hellenistic History (Ancient Iran Series; Irvine, CA: UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies, 2018), chap. 14.

Brosius, M., A History of Ancient Persia: The Achaemenid Empire (History of the Ancient World; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2020).

Cook, J. M., The Persian Empire (London: Dent, 1983).

Cook, J. M., "Chap. 5: The Rise of the Achaemenids and Establishment of their Empire", in I. Gershevitch (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. II: The Median and Achaemenian Periods (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985) 200-291.

Dandamaev, M. A., A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire (Leiden: Brill, 1989). [translation and revision of the original Russian edition 1985]

Dandamaev, M. A. – V. G. Lukonin, The Culture and Social Institutions of Ancient Iran. English edition by Philip L. Kohl with the assistance of D. J. Dadson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Finkel, I. (ed.), The Cyrus Cylinder: The Great Persian Edict from Babylon (London & New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021).

Fitzpatrick-McKinley, A., "Continuity between Assyrian and Persian Policies toward the Cults of Their Subjects", in D. Edelman – A. Fitzpatrick-McKinley – P. Guillaume (eds.), Religion in the Achaemenid Persian Empire: Emerging Judaisms and Trends (ORA 17; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016) 137-171.

Frei, P., "Die persische Reichsautorisation: ein Überblick", ZABR 1 (1995) 1-35.

Frei, P. – K. Koch, Reichsidee und Reichsorganisation im Perserreich. Zweite, bearbeitete und stark erweiterte Auflage (OBO 55; Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996). [first edition 1984]

Fried, L. S., "The Role of the Governor in Persian Imperial Administration", in A. F. Botta (ed.), In the Shadow of Bezalel. Aramaic, Biblical, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Bezalel Porten (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, 60; Leiden: Brill, 2012) 319-331.

Frye, R. N., The History of Ancient Iran (Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft, Abt. 3, Teil 7; München: Beck, 1984).

Gershevitch, I. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. II: The Median and Achaemenian Periods (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).

Heltzer, M., "The Biblical and Apocryphal Sources (I. Esdras) about the Organization of the Achaemenid Empire", in R. Achenbach (ed.), "Gerechtigkeit und Recht zu üben" (Gen 18,19): Studien zur altorientalischen und biblischen Rechtsgeschichte, zur Religionsgeschichte Israels und zur Religionssoziologie. Festschrift für Eckart Otto zum 65. Geburtstag (BZABR 13; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010) 317-321.

Henkelman, W. F. M., "The Achaemenid Heartland: An Archaeological-Historical Perspective", in D. T. Potts (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Literature and Culture; Chichester, UK & Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) II 931-962.

Hermisson, H.-J., "Die babylonischen Aufstände am Anfang der Regierung des Xerxes und ihre Ahndung", in P. Mommer – W. H. Schmidt – H. Strauß (eds.), Gottes Recht als Lebensraum. Festschrift für Hans Jochen Boecker (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1993) 71-92.

Jacobs, B. – R. Rollinger (eds.), A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 vol. (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021).

Khatchadourian, L., "The Achaemenid Provinces in Archaeological Perspective", in D. T. Potts (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Literature and Culture; Chichester, UK & Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) II 963-983.

Khatchadourian, L., Imperial Matter: Ancient Persia and the Archaeology of Empires (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2016). Available for free download here.

Kuhrt, A., "The Persian Kings and Their Subjects: A Unique Relationship?", OLZ 96 (2001) 165-173. [review article of Frei & Koch 1996, see above]

Kuhrt, A., "Ancient Near Eastern History: The Case of Cyrus the Great of Persia", in H. G. M. Williamson (ed.), Understanding the History of Ancient Israel (Proceedings of the British Academy, 143; Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2007) 107-127.

Kuhrt, A., "Cyrus the Great of Persia: Images and Realities", in M. Heinz – M. H. F. Feldman (eds.), Representations of Political Power: Case Histories from Times of Change and Dissolving Order in the Ancient Near East (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007) 169-191.

Kuhrt, A., The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period. 2 vol. (London: Routledge, 2007). [a one-volume paperback edition was published in 2010]

Kuhrt, A, "Achaemenid Political History and Sources", in B. E. Kelle – B. A. Strawn (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2020) 34-49.

Lecoq, P., Les inscriptions de la Perse achéménide – traduit du vieux perse, de l'élamite, du babylonien et de l'araméen, présenté et annoté par Pierre Lecoq (L'Aube des peuples; Paris: Gallimard, 1997).

Llewellyn-Jones, L., Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (New York: Basic Books, 2022).

Potts, D. T. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2013). [The Achaemenid period is presented in various essays in Part V]

Rollinger, R., "Überlegungen zu Herodot, Xerxes und dessen angeblicher Zerstörung Babylons", Altorientalische Forschungen 25 (1998) 339-373.

Rossi, A. V., "I materiali iranici", RivB 34 (1986) 55-72. [RivB 34/1-2 contains the Congress essays of: G. L. Prato (ed.), Il mondo ebraico alla luce delle fonti extrabibliche, II: Il periodo postesilico. Atti del 4° Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari.]

Rüterswörden, U., "Die Persische Reichsautorisation der Thora: fact or fiction?", ZABR 1 (1995) 47-61.

Ruzicka, S., Trouble in the West. Egypt and the Persian Empire, 525-332 BCE (Oxford Studies in Early Empires, 25; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).

Shayegan, M. R. (ed.), Cyrus the Great: Life and Lore (Ilex Foundation Series, 21; Boston, MA: Ilex Foundation; Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2018).

Silverman, J. M., Persian Royal–Judaean Elite Engagements in the Early Teispid and Achaemenid Empire: The King's Acolytes (LHB/OTS 690; London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2020).

Sternberg-el Hotabi, H., "Die persische Herrschaft in Ägypten", in R. G. Kratz (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002) 111-149.

Stolper, M. W., "The Governor of Babylon and Across-the-River in 486 B.C.", JNES 48 (1989) 283-305.

Vanderhooft, D., "Cyrus II, Liberator or Conqueror?" in O. Lipschits – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 351-372.

Waters, M., Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 BCE (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).

Waters, M., King of the World: The Life of Cyrus the Great (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022).

Wiesehöfer, J., Das Antike Persien. Von 550 v. Chr. bis 650 n. Chr. (Zürich: Artemis & Winkler, 1993). Neuauflage: Düsseldorf: Artemis & Winkler, 1998.

Wiesehöfer, J., "'Reichsgesetz' oder 'Einzelfallgerechtigkeit'? Bemerkungen zu Peter Freis These van der achaimenidischen 'Reichsautorisation'", ZABR 1 (1995) 36-46.

Wiesehöfer, J., "The Achaemenid Empire in the Fourth Century B.C.E.: A Period of Decline?", in O. Lipschits – G. N. Knoppers – R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century b.c.e. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007) 11-30.

Wiesehöfer, J., Das frühe Persien: Geschichte eines antiken Weltreichs. 5., aktualisierte Auflage (Beck'sche Reihe, 2107: München: C. H. Beck Wissenschaft, 2015). [first ed. 1999]

Wiesehöfer, J., "The Role of Lingua Francas and Communication Networks in the Process of Empire-Building: The Persian Empire", in R. Kessler – W. Sommerfeld – L. Tramontini (eds.), State Formation and State Decline in the Near and Middle East (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016) 121-134.

Willi, T., "Das Weltkönigtum – seine Residenz und seine Regeln: ein kritischer Blick auf die Diskussion zur biblischen Literatur der persischen Epoche", TLZ 135 (2010) 1055-1070. Reprinted [same title] in T. Willi, Israel und die Völker: Studien zur Literatur und Geschichte Israels in der Perserzeit. Herausgegeben von Michael Pietsch (SBAB 55; Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2012) 277-297.

Yarshater, E. – A. Ashraf – et al. (eds.), Encyclopaedia Iranica (New York: Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation / Bibliotheca Persica Press, 1985ff). See the Online Resources section below for the digital edition.

2.   Religion and related topics

Boyce, M., A History of Zoroastrianism. Vol. 2: Under the Achaemenians (Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abt. 1, Band VIII/1, Lief. 2, Heft 2A; Leiden: Brill, 1982).

Boyce, M., "Persian Religion in the Achemenid Age", in W. D. Davies – L. Finkelstein (eds.), The Cambridge History of Judaism. Volume One. Introduction; The Persian Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 279-307.

Boyce, M., "Zoroaster, Zoroastriansim", ABD VI (1992) 1168-1174.

Boyce, M., Zoroastrianism: Its Antiquity and Constant Vigour (Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studies, 7; Costa Mesa, CA & New York: Mazda, 1992).

Haas, V. – H. Koch, Religionen des Alten Orients: Hethiter und Iran (Grundrisse zum Alten Testament, 1/1; Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2011).

Hutter, M., Religionen in der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, I: Babylonier, Syrer, Perser (Studienbücher Theologie, 4/1: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1996).

Hutter, M., "Probleme iranischer Literatur und Religion unter den Achämeniden", ZAW 127 (2015) 547-564.

Hutter, M., Iranische Religionen: Zoroastrismus, Yezidentum, Bahāʾītum (De Gruyter Studium; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019). [on Zoroastrianism esp. Kap. 3 "Der Zoroastrismus", 28-100]

Koch, H., "Götter und ihre Verehrung im achämenidischen Persien", ZA 77 (1987) 239-278.

Koch, H., "Zur Religion der Achämeniden", ZAW 100 (1988) 393-405.

Koch, H., "Iranische Religion im achaimenidischen Zeitalter", in R. G. Kratz (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002) 11-26.

Lanczkowski, G., "Iranische Religionen", TRE 16 (1987) 247-258.

Lecoq, P., Les livres de l'Avesta. Les textes sacrés des Zoroastriens ou des Mazdéens. Présentés, traduits et annotés par Pierre Lecoq (Collection Spiritualité; Paris: Cerf, 2016).

Piras, A., "Politica e ideologia religiosa dell'impero achemenide", in G. L. Prato (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013) 21-35.

Schwartz, M., "Chap. 14: The Religion of Achaemenian Iran", in I. Gershevitch (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. II: The Median and Achaemenian Periods (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985) 664-697.

Silverman, J. M., "Was There an Achaemenid 'Theology' of Kingship? The Intersections of Mythology, Religion, and Imperial Religious Policy", in D. Edelman – A. Fitzpatrick-McKinley – P. Guillaume (eds.), Religion in the Achaemenid Persian Empire: Emerging Judaisms and Trends (ORA 17; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016) 172-196.

Skjærvø, P. O., "Achaemenid Religion", Religion Compass 8 (2014) 175-187. (online journal)

3.   Reception-history

Rollinger, R. – K. Ruffing – L. Thomas (eds.), Das Weltreich der Perser. Rezeption – Aneignung – Verargumentierung (Classica et Orientalia, 23; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019).

Shayegan, M. R. (ed.), Cyrus the Great: Life and Lore (Ilex Foundation Series, 21; Boston, MA: Ilex Foundation; Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2018).

II.    Collections of essays on the Achaemenid Persian period, esp. in Judah and Diaspora

Achenbach, R. (ed.), Persische Reichspolitik und lokale Heiligtümer. Beiträge einer Tagung des Exzellenzclusters »Religion und Politik in den Kulturen der Vormoderne und Moderne« vom 24.–6. Februar 2016 in Münster (BZABR 25; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019).

Ackroyd, P. R., The Chronicler in His Age (JSOTSup 101; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991).

Albertz, R. – B. Becking (eds.), Yahwism After the Exile – Perspectives on Israelite Religion in the Persian Period: Papers Read at the First Meeting of the European Association for Biblical Studies, Utrecht, 6-9 August 2000 (Studies in Theology and Religion [STAR], 5; Assen: Van Gorcum, 2003).

Barmash, P. – M. W. Hamilton (eds.), In the Shadow of Empire: Israel and Judah in the Long Sixth Century BCE (SBLABS 30; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2021).

Bautch, R. J. – M. Lackowski (eds.), On Dating Biblical Texts to the Persian Period: Discerning Criteria and Establishing Epochs (FAT II/101; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019).

Becking B. – M. C. A. Korpel (eds.), The Crisis of Israelite Religion. Transformation of Religious Tradition in Exilic and Post-Exilic Times (OTS 42; Leiden: Brill, 1999).

Berquist, J. L. (ed.), Approaching Yehud: New Approaches to the Study of the Persian Period (Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature; Leiden: Brill, 2007).

Berquist, J. L. – A. Hunt (eds.), Focusing Biblical Studies: The Crucial Nature of the Persian and Hellenistic Periods: Essays in Honor of Douglas A. Knight (LHB/OTS 544; London: T & T Clark, 2012).

Blenkinsopp, J., Essays on Judaism in the Pre-Hellenistic Period (BZAW 495; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017).

Curtis, J. – St.-J. Simpson (eds.), The World of Achaemenid Persia: History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East (London & New York: I. B. Tauris, 2010).

Davies, P. R. (ed.), Second Temple Studies, I: The Persian Period (JSOTSup 117; Sheffield: JSOT, 1991).

Davies, P. R. – J. M. Halligan (eds.), Second Temple Studies, III: Studies in Politics, Class and Material Culture (JSOTSup 340; London: Sheffield Academic Press, 2002).

Davies, W. D. – L. Finkelstein (eds.), The Cambridge History of Judaism. Volume One. Introduction; The Persian Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984)

Dubovský, P. – D. Markl – J.-P. Sonnet (eds.), The Fall of Jerusalem and the Rise of the Torah (FAT 107; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016).

Edelman, D. – A. Fitzpatrick-McKinley – P. Guillaume (eds.), Religion in the Achaemenid Persian Empire: Emerging Judaisms and Trends (ORA 17; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016).

Eskenazi, T. C. – K. H. Richards (eds.), Second Temple Studies, II: Temple Community in the Persian Period (JSOTSup 175; Sheffield: JSOT, 1994).

Fitzpatrick-McKinley, A. (ed.), Assessing Biblical and Classical Sources for the Reconstruction of Persian Influence, History and Culture (Classica et Orientalia, 10; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2015).

Frevel, C. – K. Pyschny – I. Cornelius (eds.), A "Religious Revolution" in Yehûd? The Material Culture of the Persian Period as a Test Case (OBO 267; Fribourg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014).

Gabbay, U. – S. Secunda (eds.), Encounters by the Rivers of Babylon: Scholarly Conversations between Jews, Iranians, and Babylonians in Antiquity (TSAJ 160; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014).

Grabbe, L. L. – O. Lipschits (eds.), Judah Between East and West: The Transition from Persian to Greek Rule (Ca. 400-200 BCE). A Conference Held at Tel Aviv University, 17-19 April 2007 Sponsored by the ASG (Academic Study Group for Israel and the Middle East) and Tel Aviv University (LSTS 75; London: T & T Clark International, 2011).

Heltzer, M., The Province Judah and the Jews in Persian Times: (Some Connected Questions of the Persian Empire) (Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center Publication, 2008).

Henkelman, W. F. M. – C. Redard (eds.), Persian Religion in the Achaemenid Period – La religion perse à l'époque achéménide (Classica et Orientalia, 16; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2017).

Hensel, B. – E. Ben Zvi – D. V. Edelman (eds.), About Edom and Idumea in the Persian Period: Recent Research and Approaches from Archaeology, Hebrew Bible Studies, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies (Worlds of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean; Sheffield: Equinox, 2022).

Hunt, A. (ed.), Second Temple Studies, IV: Historiography and History (LHB/OTS 550; London: T & T Clark International, 2012).

Jacobs, B. – W. F. M. Henkelman – M. W. Stolper (eds.), Die Verwaltung im Achämenidenreich: Imperiale Muster und Strukturen – Administration in the Achaemenid Empire: Tracing the Imperial Signature. Akten des 6. Internationalen Kolloquiums zum Thema »Vorderasien im Spannungsfeld klassischer und altorientalischer Überlieferungen« aus Anlass der 80-Jahr-Feier der Entdeckung des Festungsarchivs von Persepolis, Landgut Castelen bei Basel, 14.-17. Mai 2013 (Classica et Orientalia, 17; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2017).

Jonker, J. (ed.), Texts, Contexts and Readings in Postexilic Literature: Explorations into Historiography and Identity Negotiation in Hebrew Bible and Related Texts (FAT II/53; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011).

Kartveit, M. – G. N. Knoppers (eds), The Bible, Qumran, and the Samaritans (Studia Judaica,104 / Studia Samaritana, 10; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018).

Knoppers, G. N. – L. L. Grabbe – D. N. Fulton (eds.), Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods in Memory of Peter R. Ackroyd (LSTS 73; London: T & T Clark, 2009).

Knoppers, G. N., Judah and Samaria in Postmonarchic Times: Essays on Their Histories and Literatures (FAT 129; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019).

Kratz, R. G. (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002).

Kratz, R. G., Das Judentum im Zeitalter des Zweiten Tempels. Kleine Schriften I. 2., durchgesehene und überarbeitete Auflage (FAT 42; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013). [first ed. 2004]

Laperrousaz, E.-M. – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994).

Levin, Y. (ed.), A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbours in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods (LSTS 65; London: T & T Clark, 2007).

Lipschits, O. – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006).

Lipschits, O. – G. N. Knoppers – R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century b.c.e. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007).

Lipschits, O. – G. N. Knoppers – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Achaemenid Period: Negotiating Identity in an International Context (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011).

Middlemas, J. (ed.), Innovation in Persian Period Judah: Royal and Temple Ideology in Comparative Perspective (FAT II/144; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2023).

Potts, D. T. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2013). [The Achaemenid period is presented in various essays in Part V]

Prato, G. L. (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013).

Ro, J. Unsok (ed.), From Judah to Judaea: Socio-Economic Structures and Processes in the Persian Period (Hebrew Bible Monographs, 43; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2012).

Salvesen, A. G. – S. Pearce – M. Frenkel (eds.), Israel in Egypt: The Land of Egypt as Concept and Reality for Jews in Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, 110; Leiden: Brill, 2020). 

Scott, J. M. (ed.), Restoration: Old Testament, Jewish, and Christian Perspectives (JSJSup 72; Leiden: Brill, 2001).

Silverman, J. M. – C. Waerzeggers (eds.), Political Memory in and after the Persian Empire (ANEM 13; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2015). The book can be downloaded freely here.

Watts, J. W. (ed.), Persia and Torah: The Theory of Imperial Authorization of the Pentateuch (SBLSymS 17; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2001).

Willi, T., Juda – Jehud – Israel. Studien zum Selbstverständnis des Judentums in persischer Zeit (FAT 12; Tübingen: Mohr [Siebeck], 1995).

Williamson, H. G. M., Studies in Persian Period History and Historiography (FAT 38; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004). Reprinted Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2010.

III.    Judah (Yehud): archaeology, economy, and sociology

Achenbach, R., "Zwischen Mose und Zarathushtra: zur gesellschaftlichen Stellung der Juden im antiken Perserreich", ZABR 19 (2013) 283-306.

Adams, S. L., Social and Economic Life in Second Temple Judea (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2014).

Altmann, P., "Ancient Comparisons, Modern Models, and Ezra–Nehemiah: Triangulating the Sources for Insights on the Economy of Persian Period Yehud", in M. L. Miller – E. Ben Zvi – G. N. Knoppers (eds.), The Economy of Ancient Judah in Its Historical Context (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015) 103-120.

Altmann, P., Economics in Persian-Period Biblical Texts: Their Interactions with Economic Developments in the Persian Period and Earlier Biblical Traditions (FAT 109; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016).

Ambar-Armon, E. – A. Kloner, "Archaeological Evidence of Links Between the Aegean World and the Land of Israel in the Persian Period", in Y. Levin (ed.), A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbours in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods (LSTS 65; London: T & T Clark, 2007) 1-22.

Balandier, C., La défense de la Syrie-Palestine des Achéménides aux Lagides: histoire et archéologie des fortifications à l'ouest du Jourdain de 532 à 199 avant J.-C., avec appendices sur Jérusalem et sur les ouvrages fortifiés de Transjordanie et du nord du Sinaï (EtBib, n. s. 67; Pendé: Gabalda, 2014).

Balcells Gallarreta, J. E., Household and Family Religion in Persian-Period Judah: An Archaeological Approach (ANEM 18; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2017). The volume can be downloaded here.

Betlyon, J. – S. R. Martin, "A People Transformed: Palestine in the Persian Period", NEA 68 (2005) 4-58.

Bremer, J., Wo Gott sich auf die Armen einlässt. Der sozio-ökonomische Hintergrund der achämenidischen Provinz Yəhūd und seine Implikationen für die Armentheologie des Psalters (BBB 174; Göttingen: Bonn University Press bei V&R Unipress, 2016).

Briend, J., "L'occupation de la Galilée occidentale à l'époque perse", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 55-76.

Brutti, M., "Le istituzioni ebraiche di età persiana e il centralismo normativo gerosolimitano", in G. L. Prato (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013) 189-209.

Carter, C. E., "The Province of Yehud in the Post-Exilic Period: Soundings in Site Distribution and Demography", in T. C. Eskenazi – K. H. Richards (eds.), Second Temple Studies, 2: Temple Community in the Persian Period (JSOTSup 175; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1994) 106-145.

Carter, C. E., The Emergence of Yehud in the Persian Period: A Social and Demographic Study (JSOTSup 294; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999).

Dion, P.-E., "The Civic-and-Temple Community of Persian Period Judaea: Neglected Insights from Eastern Europe", JNES 50 (1991) 281-287.

Edelman, D. V., "Settlement Patterns in Persian-Period Yehud", in Y. Levin (ed.), A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbours in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods (LSTS 65; London: T & T Clark, 2007) 52-64.

Edelman, D. V., "Apples and Oranges: Textual and Archaeological Evidence for Reconstructing the History of Yehud in the Persian Period", in M. Nissinen (ed.), Congress Volume Helsinki 2010 (VTSup 148; Leiden: Brill, 2012) 133-144.

Edelman, D. V., "Different Sources, Different Views: Snapshots of Persian-Era Yehud Based on Texts and on Archaeological Data", EstBib 76 (2018) 411-451.

Elayi, J., "La diffusion des monnaies phéniciennes en Palestine", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 289-309.

Elayi, J., "Presence grecque sur la côte palestinienne", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 245-260.

Elayi, J., "Achaemenid Persia and the Levant", in M. L. Steiner – A. E. Killebrew (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant, c. 8000–332 BCE (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) 107-120.

Eshel, H., "Hellenism in the Land of Israel from the Fifth to the Second Centuries BCE in Light of Semitic Epigraphy", in Y. Levin (ed.), A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbours in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods (LSTS 65; London: T & T Clark, 2007) 116-124.

Fantalkin, A., "Judah and its Neighbors in the Fourth Century BCE : A Time of Major Transformations", in J. Unsok Ro (ed.), From Judah to Judaea: Socio-Economic Structures and Processes in the Persian Period (Hebrew Bible Monographs, 43; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2012) 133-196.

Fantalkin, A. – O. Tal, "A Tale of Two Provinces: Judah and Edom during the Persian Period", in B. Hensel – E. Ben Zvi – D. V. Edelman (eds.), About Edom and Idumea in the Persian Period: Recent Research and Approaches from Archaeology, Hebrew Bible Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies (Worlds of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean; Sheffield: Equinox, 2022) 177-214.

Faust, A., "Settlement Dynamics and Demographic Fluctuations in Judah from the Late Iron Age to the Hellenistic Period and the Archaeology of Persian-Period Yehud", in Y. Levin (ed.), A Time of Change: Judah and Its Neighbours in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods (LSTS 65; London: T & T Clark, 2007) 23–51.

Faust, A., "Social, Cultural and Demographic Changes in Judah during the Transition from the Iron Age to the Persian Period and the Nature of the Society during the Persian Period", in J. Unsok Ro (ed.), From Judah to Judaea: Socio-Economic Structures and Processes in the Persian Period (Hebrew Bible Monographs, 43; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2012) 106-132.

Faust, A., "Forts or Agricultural Estates? Persian Period Settlement in the Territories of the Former Kingdom of Judah", PEQ 150 (2018) 34-59.

Finkelstein, I., "The Territorial Extent and Demography of Yehud/Judea in the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods", RB 117 (2010) 39-54. Reprinted [same title] in I. Finkelstein, Hasmonean Realities Behind Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives (SBLAIL 34; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2018) 51-70 [with short addenda to the original text of the article on p. 70].

Finkelstein, I., "Persian Period Jerusalem and Yehud Rejoinders", in J. L. Berquist – A. Hunt (eds.), Focusing Biblical Studies: The Crucial Nature of the Persian and Hellenistic Periods: Essays in Honor of Douglas A. Knight (LHB/OTS 544; London: T & T Clark, 2012) 49-62.

Freud, L. – Y. Shalev, "Continuity and Change in 6th-4th Century BCE Jerusalem", HeBAI 12 (2023) 108-132.

Frevel, C. – K. Pyschny, "A 'Religious Revolution' in Yehud? The Material Culture of the Persian Period as a Test Case – Introduction", in C. Frevel – K. Pyschny – I. Cornelius (eds.), A "Religious Revolution" in Yehûd? The Material Culture of the Persian Period as a Test Case (OBO 267; Fribourg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014) 1-22.

Frevel, C., "Reichsinteresse und Lokalpolitik in der Levante im Spiegel der materiellen Kultur", in R. Achenbach (ed.), Persische Reichspolitik und lokale Heiligtümer. Beiträge einer Tagung des Exzellenzclusters »Religion und Politik in den Kulturen der Vormoderne und Moderne« vom 24.–6. Februar 2016 in Münster (BZABR 25; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019) 209-255.

Fried, L. S., "The Artaxerxes Correspondence of Ezra 4, Nehemiah's Wall, and Persian Provincial Administration", in A. M. Maeir – J. Magness – L. Schiffman (eds.), 'Go Out and Study the Land' (Judges 18:2): Archaeological, Historical and Textual Studies in Honor of Hanan Eshel (JSJSup 148; Leiden: Brill, 2012) 35-57.

Fried, L. S., "Exploitation of Depopulated Land in Achaemenid Judah", in M. L. Miller – E. Ben Zvi – G. N. Knoppers (eds.), The Economy of Ancient Judah in Its Historical Context (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015) 151-164.

Fried, L. S., "150 Men at Nehemiah's Table? The Role of the Governor's Meals in the Achaemenid Provincial Economy", JBL 137 (2018) 821-831.

Geva, H., "On the 'New City' of Second Temple Period Jerusalem: The Archaeological Evidence", in K. Galor – G. Avni (eds.), Unearthing Jerusalem: 150 Years of Archaeological Research in the Holy City (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011) 299-312.

Grabbe, L. L, "Archaeology and Archaiologias: Relating Excavations to History in Fourth-Century B.C.E. Palestine", in O. Lipschits – G. N. Knoppers – R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century b.c.e. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007) 125-135.

Hensel, B., "The Complexity of a Site: 'Edom' in Persian Period from the Perspectives of Historical Research, Hebrew Bible Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, in B. Hensel – E. Ben Zvi – D. V. Edelman (eds.), About Edom and Idumea in the Persian Period: Recent Research and Approaches from Archaeology, Hebrew Bible Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies (Worlds of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean; Sheffield: Equinox, 2022) 13-47.

Hoglund, K., "The Achaemenid Context", in P. R. Davies (ed.), Second Temple Studies I: The Persian Period (JSOTSup 117; Sheffield: JSOT, 1991) 54-72.

Hoglund, K. G., Achaemenid Imperial Administration in Syria-Palestine and the Missions of Ezra and Nehemiah (SBLDS 125; Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1992).

Hoglund, K., "The Material Culture of the Persian Period and the Sociology of the Second Temple Period", in P. R. Davies – J. M. Halligan (eds.), Second Temple Studies III: Studies in Politics, Class and Material Culture (JSOTSup 340; London: Sheffield Academic Press, 2002) 14-18.

Kessler, J., "Reconstructing Haggai's Jerusalem: Demographic and Sociological Considerations and the Search for an Adequate Methodological Point of Departure", in L. L. Grabbe – R. D. Haak (eds.), 'Every City Shall Be Forsaken': Urbanism and Prophecy in Ancient Israel and the Near East (JSOTSup 330; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001) 137-158.

Kletter, R. – J. M. Silverman, "'Estates' or 'Forts' in Persian Period Yehud?", PEQ 153 (2021) 42-61.

Knauf, E. A., "Biblical References to Judean Settlement in Eretz Israel (and Beyond) in the Late Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods", in P. R. Davies – D. V. Edelman (eds.), The Historian and the Bible: Essays in Honour of Lester L. Grabbe (LHB/OTS 530; London: T & T Clark, 2010) 175-193.

Kreißig, H., Die sozialökonomische Situation in Juda zur Achämenidenzeit (Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients, 7; Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1973).

Langgut, D., "Dry Climate during the Early Persian Period and Its Impact on the Establishment of Idumea", Transeu 49 (2017) 135-162.

Laperrousaz, E.-M., "L'étendue de Jérusalem à l'époque perse", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 123-156.

Lehmann, G., "The Levant during the Persian Period", in M. L. Steiner – A. E. Killebrew (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant, c. 8000–332 BCE (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014) 841-851.

Levin, Y., "Persian-Period Jerusalem in the Shadow of Destruction", in A. Berlejung – A. M. Maeir – T. M. Oshima (eds.), Writing and Re-Writing History by Destruction. Proceedings of the Annual Minerva Center RIAB Conference, Leipzig, 2018. Research on Israel and Aram in Biblical Times III (ORA 45; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022) 122-140.

Lipschits, O., "Achaemenid Imperial Policy, Settlement Processes in Palestine, and the Status of Jerusalem in the Middle of the Fifth Century B.C.E", in O. Lipschits – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 19-52.

Lipschits, O. – O. Tal, "The Settlement Archaeology of the Province of Judah: A Case Study", in O. Lipschits – G. N. Knoppers – R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century b.c.e. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007) 33-52.

Lipschits, O., "Jerusalem between Two Periods of Greatness: The Size and Status of the City in the Babylonian, Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods", in L. L. Grabbe – O. Lipschits (eds.), Judah Between East and West: The Transition from Persian to Greek Rule (ca. 400-200 BCE). A Conference Held at Tel Aviv University, 17-19 April 2007 Sponsored by the ASG (the Academic Study Group for Israel and the Middle East) and Tel Aviv University (LSTS 75; London: T & T Clark International, 2011) 163-175. Reprinted in L. L. Grabbe (ed.), The Hebrew Bible and History: Critical Readings (T&T Clark Critical Readings in Biblical Studies; London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2019) 499-516.

Lipschits, O., "Persian-Period Judah: A New Perspective", in L. Jonker (ed.), Texts, Contexts and Readings in Postexilic Literature: Explorations into Historiography and Identity Negotiation in Hebrew Bible and Related Texts (FAT II/53; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011) 187-211.

Lipschits, O., "Between Archaeology and Text: A Reevaluation of the Development Process of Jerusalem in the Persian Period", in M. Nissinen (ed.), Congress Volume Helsinki 2010 (VTSup 148; Leiden: Brill, 2012) 145-165.

Lipschits, O., "The Rural Economy of Judah during the Persian Period and the Settlement History of the District System", in M. L. Miller – E. Ben Zvi – G. N. Knoppers (eds.), The Economy of Ancient Judah in Its Historical Context (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015) 237-264.

Lipschits, O., "Materialkultur, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft in Juda während der Perserzeit und die Rolle des Jerusalemer Tempel", in R. Achenbach (ed.), Persische Reichspolitik und lokale Heiligtümer. Beiträge einer Tagung des Exzellenzclusters »Religion und Politik in den Kulturen der Vormoderne und Moderne« vom 24.–6. Februar 2016 in Münster (BZABR 25; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019) 185-208.

Meyers, E. M., "Second Temple Studies in the Light of Recent Archaeology: Part I: The Persian and Hellenistic Periods", CR:BS 2 (1994) 25-42.

Meyers, E. M., "Exile and Restoration in Light of Recent Archaeology and Demographic Studies", in G. N. Knoppers – L. L. Grabbe – D. N. Fulton (eds.), Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods in Memory of Peter R. Ackroyd (LSTS 73; London: T & T Clark, 2009) 166-173.

Milevski, I., "Settlement Patterns in Northern Judah during the Achaemenid Period, according to the Hill Country of Benjamin and Judah Surveys", Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 15 (1996-1997) 7-29.

Milevski, I., "Palestine's Economic Formation and the Crisis of Judah (Yehud) during the Persian Period", Transeu 40 (2011) 135-166.

Miller, M. L. – E. Ben Zvi – G. N. Knoppers (eds.), The Economy of Ancient Judah in Its Historical Context (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015).

Noonan, B. J., "Did Nehemiah Own Tyrian Goods? Trade between Judea and Phoenicia during the Achaemenid Period", JBL 130 (2011) 281-298.

Oggiano, I., "Il territorio siro-palestinese in epoca persiana: sintesi storico-archeologica della documentazione", in G. L. Prato (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013) 99-122.

Poloczek, S. – K. Ziemba, "Greece and Yehud in the Achaemenid Period: The Background of Cultural Transfer", SJOT 37 (2023) 262-289.

Sandhaus, D. – I. Kreimerman, "The Late 4th/3rd Century BCE Transition in the Judean Hinterland in Light of the Pottery of Khirbet Qeiyafa", TA 42 (2015) 251-271.

Schottroff, W., "Zur Sozialgeschichte Israels in der Perserzeit", VF 27 (1982) 46-68.

Shalom, N. – O. Lipschits, "Judah during the Transition between the Persian and Early Hellenistic Periods: Regional Processes", in W. Held – R. Amedick – H. Froning (eds.), The Transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic Period in the Levant, Cyprus, and Cilicia: Cultural Interruption or Continuity? Symposion at Philipps-Universität Marburg, October 12-15, 2017 (Marburger Beiträge zur Archäologie, 6; Marburg: Eigenverlag des Archäologischen Seminars der Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020) 7-26.

Steiner, M., "The Persian Period City Wall of Jerusalem", in I. Finkelstein – N. Naʾaman (eds.), The Fire Signals of Lachish: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Israel in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian Period in Honor of David Ussishkin (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011) 307-315.

Stern, E., Material Culture of the Land of the Bible in the Persian Period 538-332 B. C. (Warminster: Aris & Phillips; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1982).

Stern, E., "The Archeology of Persian Palestine", in W. D. Davies – L. Finkelstein (eds.), The Cambridge History of Judaism. Volume One. Introduction; The Persian Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 88-114.

Stern, E., "Dor à l'époque perse", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 77-115.

Stern, E., Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Vol. 2: The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Periods (732-332 B.C.E.) (Anchor Bible Reference Library; New York: Doubleday, 2001).

Ussishkin, D., "The Borders and de facto Size of Jerusalem in the Persian Period", in O. Lipschits – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 147-166.

Waldbaum, J. C., "After the Return: Connections with the Classical World in the Persian Period", in D. R. Clark – V. H. Matthews (eds.), One Hundred Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East. Proceedings of the American Schools of Oriental Research Centennial Celebration, Washington, DC, April 2000 (Boston, MA: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2003) 301-318.

Weinberg, J. P., The Citizen-Temple Community (JSOTSup 151; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992).

Wiesehöfer, J., "Achaemenid Rule and its Impact on Yehud", in L. Jonker (ed.), Texts, Contexts and Readings in Postexilic Literature: Explorations into Historiography and Identity Negotiation in Hebrew Bible and Related Texts (FAT II/53; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011) 171-185. Revised version: "Die Herrschaft der Teispiden und Achaimeniden und ihr Einfluss auf Jehud", in M. Oeming (ed.), Das Alte Testament im Rahmen der antiken Religionen und Kulturen (Beiträge zum Verstehen der Bibel, 39; Münster: LIT Verlag, 2019) 377-400.

IV.    Yehud and the Diaspora: general historical questions

Abadie, P., "Shesbassar", DBSup 12 (1996) 1255-1258.

Abadie, P., "Écrire l'histoire judéenne aux périodes perse et grecque: un défi identitaire", RechScRel 103 (2015) 69-86.

Ackroyd, P. R., "Historical Problems of the Early Achaemenian Period", Orient [Japan] 20 (1984) 1-15. Reprinted in P. R. Ackroyd, The Chronicler in His Age (JSOTSup 101; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991) 141-155.

Ackroyd, P. R., "The Jewish Community in Palestine in the Persian Period", in W. D. Davies – L. Finkelstein (eds.), The Cambridge History of Judaism. Volume One. Introduction; The Persian Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 130-161.

Albertz, R., "Die verhinderte Restauration", in E. Blum (ed.), Mincha. Festgabe für Rolf Rendtorff zum 75. Geburtstag (Neukirchen-Vluyn Neukirchener Verlag, 2000) 1-12. Reprinted in R. Albertz, Geschichte und Theologie: Studien zur Exegese des Alten Testaments und zur Religionsgeschichte Israels. Edited by I. Kottsieper – J. Wöhrle (BZAW 326; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2003) 321-333.

Albertz, R., Die Exilszeit. 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. (Biblische Enzyklopädie, 7: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2001); = Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E. (SBL Studies in Biblical Literature, 3 / SBL Biblical Encyclopedia, 5; Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2003); = Israele in esilio: storia e letteratura nel VI secolo a.C. (ISBS 42; Brescia: Paideia, 2009). [The work also covers the first decades of the Persian period up to 520 b.c.e.]

Baillet, M., "Samaritains", DBSup 11 (1991) 773-1047.

Becking, B., "'We All Returned As One!' Critical Notes on the Myth of the Mass Return", in O. Lipschits – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 3-18.

Ben Zvi, E., "The Art of Bracketing Empire Out and Creating Parallel Worlds The Case of Late Persian Yehud", Studia Orientalia Electronica 9/2 (2021) 174-185: online here.

Bernett, M., "Polis und Politeia. Zur politischen Organisation Jerusalems und Jehuds in der Perserzeit", in S. Alkier – M. Witte (eds.), Die Griechen und das antike Israel. Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Religions- und Kulturgeschichte des Heiligen Landes (OBO 201; Fribourg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004) 73-129.

Berquist, J. L., Judaism in Persia's Shadow. A Social and Historical Approach (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995).

Bianchi, F., "I superstiti della deportazione sono là nella provincia" (Neemia 1,3). 1: Ricerche epigrafiche sulla storia della Giudea in età neobabilonese e achemenide (586 a.C.- 442 a.C.). 2: Ricerche storico-bibliche sulla Giudea in età neobabilonese e achemenide (586 a.C.- 442 a.C.). 2 vol. (Supplemento 76 e 82 agli Annali; Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1993/1995).

Bianchi, F., "Esilio e ritorno", RivB 64 (2016) 277-300.

Bickerman, E., "The Edict of Cyrus in Ezra 1", JBL 65 (1946) 249-275. Reprinted, under the title "The Edict of Cyrus in Ezra", in E. J. Bickerman, Studies in Jewish and Christian History. Part One (AGJU 9/1; Leiden: Brill, 1976) 72-108. Reprinted again in E. J. Bickerman, Studies in Jewish and Christian History: A New Edition in English including "The God of the Maccabees". Introduced by M. Hengel and edited by A. Tropper, 2 vols. (Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, 68; Leiden: Brill, 2007) 71-107.

Blenkinsopp, J., Judaism: The First Phase. The Place of Ezra and Nehemiah in the Origins of Judaism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2009).

Blenkinsopp, J., "Bethel in the Neo-Babylonian and Early Achaemenid Period", in J. Blenkinsopp, Essays on Judaism in the Pre-Hellenistic Period (BZAW 495; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017) 48-60.

Blum, E., "Volk oder Kultgemeinde? Zum Bild des nachexilischen Judentums in der alttestamentlichen Wissenschaft", Kirche und Israel 10 (1995) 24-42. Reprinted as "Vorverständnis und historische Hypothesen: Volk oder Kultgemeinde? Zum Bild des nachexilischen Judentums in der alttestamentlichen Wissenschaft", in E. Blum, Grundfragen der historischen Exegese: methodologische, philologische und hermeneutische Beiträge zum Alten Testament. Herausgegeben von W. Oswald und K. Weingart (FAT 95; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2015) 195-214.

Briant, P., "Histoire impériale et histoire régionale. À propos de l'histoire de Juda dans l'empire Achéménide", in A. Lemaire – M. Sæbø (eds), Congress Volume Oslo 1998 (VTSup 80; Leiden: Brill, 2000) 234-245.

Carter, C. E., "(Re)Defining 'Israel': The Legacy of the Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods", in S. Niditch (ed.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Ancient Israel (Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion; Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016) 215-240.

Cataldo, J. W., A Theocratic Yehud? Issues of Government in a Persian Province (LHB/OTS 498; London: T & T Clark International, 2009).

Cataldo, J. W., "Whispered Utopia: Dreams, Agendas, and Theocratic Aspirations in Yehud", SJOT 24 (2010) 53-70.

Cross, F. M., "A Reconstruction of the Judean Restoration", JBL 94 (1975) 4-18.

Crüsemann, F., "Israel in der Perserzeit. Eine Skizze in Auseinandersetzung mit Max Weber", in W. Schluchter (ed.), Max Webers Sicht des antiken Christentums. Interpretation und Kritik (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 548; Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, 1985) 205-232. Reprinted [same title] in F. Crüsemann, Kanon und Sozialgeschichte. Beiträge zum Alten Testament (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2003) 210-226.

Demsky, A. "Who Came First, Ezra or Nehemiah? The Synchronistic Approach", HUCA 65 (1994) 1-19

Edelman, D. V., The Origins of the 'Second' Temple. Persian Imperial Policy and the Rebuilding of Jerusalem (Bible World; London: Equinox, 2005).

Edelman, D. V., "Were Zerubbabel and Nehemiah the same person?", in D. Burns – J. W. Rogerson (eds.), Far From Minimal: Celebrating the Work and Influence of Philip R. Davies (LHB/OTS 484; London and New York: T & T Clark, 2012) 112-131.

Edelman, D. V., "Writing a History of Yehud in the Persian Period: Creating Understanding", in A. Hunt (ed.), Second Temple Studies IV: Historiography and History (LHB/OTS 550; London: T & T Clark International, 2012) 36-45.

Elayi J. – J. Sapin, Nouveaux regards sur la Transeuphratène (Mémories Premières; Turnhout; Brepols, 1991); = Beyond the River: New Perspectives on Transeuphrates (JSOTSup 250; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998).

Elayi, J., et al., "Bulletin d'information. I: Syrie-Phénicie-Palestine", Transeuphratène 17 (1999) 47-176.

Ephʿal, I., "Syria-Palestine under Achaemenid Rule", in J. Boardman – N. G. L. Hammond – D. M. Lewis – M. Ostwald (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. IV: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525 to 479 B.C. Second Edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) 139-164.

Eshel, H., "The Governors of Samaria in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.E.", in O. Lipschits – G. N. Knoppers – R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century b.c.e. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007) 223-234.

Eskenazi, T. C., "Current Perspectives on Ezra-Nehemiah and the Persian Period", CR:BS 1 (1993) 59-86.

Fitzpatrick-McKinley, A., Empire, Power and Indigenous Elites: A Case Study of the Nehemiah Memoir (JSJSup 169; Leiden: Brill, 2015).

Fried, L. S., The Priest and the Great King: Temple-Palace Relations in the Persian Empire (Biblical and Judaic Studies from the University of California, San Diego, 10; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2004).

Garbini, G., Il ritorno dall'esilio babilonese (Studi biblici, 129; Brescia: Paideia, 2001).

Gerstenberger, E. S., Israel in der Perserzeit. 5. und 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. (Biblische Enzyklopädie, 8; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2005); = Israel in the Persian Period: The Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.E. (Biblical Encyclopedia, 8; Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature; Leiden: Brill, 2011).

González Echegaray, J., "Notas históricas sobre la provincia persa de Yehud (Judá): últimas investigaciones", in J. M. Díaz Rodelas – M. Pérez Fernández – F. Ramón Casas (eds.), Aún me quedas tú: homenaje al Profesor D. Vicente Collado Bertomeu (Estella [Navarra]: Editorial Verbo Divino, 2009) 531-549.

Grabbe, L. L., "Josephus and the Reconstruction of the Judean Restoration", JBL 106 (1987) 231-246.

Grabbe, L. L., Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress, 1992).

Grabbe, L. L., Ezra-Nehemiah (Old Testament Readings; London: Routledge, 1998).

Grabbe, L. L., "The History of Israel: the Persian and Hellenistic Periods", in A. D. H. Mayes (ed.), Text in Context. Essays by Members of the Society for Old Testament Study (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) 403-427.

Grabbe, L. L., A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. Vol. 1: Yehud: A History of the Persian Province of Judah (LSTS 47; London: T & T Clark, 2004).

Grabbe, L. L., "'They Shall Come Rejoicing to Zion' – Or Did They? The Settlement of Yehud in the Early Persian Period", in G. N. Knoppers – L. L. Grabbe – D. N. Fulton (eds.), Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods in Memory of Peter R. Ackroyd (LSTS 73; London: T & T Clark, 2009) 116-127.

Grabbe, L. L., "Was Jerusalem a Persian Fortress?" in G. N. Knoppers – L. L. Grabbe – D. N. Fulton (eds.), Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods in Memory of Peter R. Ackroyd (LSTS 73; London: T & T Clark, 2009) 128-137.

Grabbe, L. L., An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus (London & New York: T & T Clark, 2010).

Grabbe, L. L., "The Reality of the Return: The Biblical Picture Versus Historical Reconstruction", in J. Stökl – C. Waerzeggers (eds.), Exile and Return: The Babylonian Context (BZAW 478; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015) 292-307.

Grätz, S., "Die Rückkehr aus dem Babylonischen Exil – theologische und historische Konsequenzen", in S. Grätz – A. Graupner – J. Lanckau (eds.), Ein Freund des Wortes: Festschrift Udo Rüterswörden (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019) 127-139.

Heckl, R., "Die Rolle Samarias bei der Entstehung des Judentums: Auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Sicht der nachexilischen Geschichte Israels", BZ N.F. 62 (2018) 1-31.

Hensel, B., Juda und Samaria: Zum Verhältnis zweier nach-exilischer Jahwismen (FAT 110; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2016).

Hensel, B., "Cult Centralization in the Persian Period: Biblical and Historical Perspectives", Semitica 60 (2018) 221-272.

Hensel, B., "Das JHWH-Heiligtum am Garizim: ein archäologischer Befund und seine literar- und theologiegeschichtliche Einordnung", VT 68 (2018) 73-93.

Hensel, B., "Die Bedeutung Samarias für die formative Period der alttestamentlichen Theologie- und Literaturgeschichte", SJOT 32 (2018) 20-48.

Hensel, B., "The Chronicler's Polemics towards the Samarian YHWH-Worshippers: A Fresh Approach", in J. Dušek (ed.), The Samaritans in Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Perspectives (Studia Samaritana, 11 – Studia Judaica, 110; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018) 35-48.

Hensel, B., "On the Relationship of Judah and Samaria in Post-Exilic Times: A Farewell to the Conflict Paradigm", JSOT 44.1 (Sept. 2019) 19-42.

Höffken, P., "Xerxes und (k)eine Marduk-Statue. Überlegungen zu einem Randthema alttestamentlicher Prophetenexegese", VT 55 (2005) 477-485.

Isbell, C. D., "Persia and Yehud", in J. Ebeling – J. E. Wright – M. Elliott – P. V. M. Flesher (eds.), The Old Testament in Archaeology and History (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2017) 529-556.

Jonker, L. C., "Chronicles in an (Un)Changing World: The 'Persian' Context in Biblical Studies", JSOT 42.3 (Apr. 2018) 267-283.

Kessler, J., "Persia's Loyal Yahwists: Power Identity and Ethnicity in Achaemenid Yehud", in O. Lipschits – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 91-121.

Kessler, R., "Political Elites in Ancient Judah: Continuity and Change", in R. Kessler – W. Sommerfeld – L. Tramontini (eds.), State Formation and State Decline in the Near and Middle East (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016) 135-143.

Klein, R. W., "Were Joshua, Zerubbabel, and Nehemiah Contemporaries? A Response to Diana Edelman's Proposed Late Date for the Second Temple", JBL 127 (2008) 697-701.

Knoppers, G. N., "Exile, Return and Diaspora: Expatriates and Repatriates in Late Biblical Literature", in L. Jonker (ed.), Texts, Contexts and Readings in Postexilic Literature: Explorations into Historiography and Identity Negotiation in Hebrew Bible and Related Texts (FAT II/53; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011) 29-61.

Knoppers, G. N., "Whodunit? The Unlikely Disappearance of Zerubbabel", in G. N. Knoppers, Prophets, Priests, and Promises: Essays on the Deuteronomistic History, Chronicles, and Ezra-Nehemiah. Edited by Christl M. Maier and Hugh G. M. Williamson (VTSup 186; Leiden: Brill, 2021) 353-391.

Korpel, M. C. A., "Disillusion among Jews in the Postexilic Period", in R. P. Gordon – J. C. De Moor (eds.), The Old Testament in Its World. Papers Read at the Winter Meeting, January 2003, of the Society for Old Testament Study and at the Joint Meeting, July 2003, of The Society for Old Testament Study and Het Oudtestamentisch Werkgezelschap in Nederland en België (OTS 52: Leiden: Brill, 2005) 135-157.

Kuhrt, A., "The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid Imperial Policy", JSOT 25 (1983) 83-97.

Laperrousaz, E.-M., "Le statut de la province de Judée", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 117-122.

Leith, M. J. W., "Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period", in M. D. Coogan (ed.), The Oxford History of the Biblical World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) 367-419 [= 276-316 in the 2001 paperback edition].

Leith, M. J. W., "New Perspectives on the Return from Exile and Persian-Period Yehud", in B. E. Kelle – B. A. Strawn (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2020) 147-169.

Lemaire, A., "Épigraphie et numismatique palestiniennes", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 261-287.

Lemaire, A., "Histoire et administration de la Palestine à l'époque perse", in E.-M. Laperrousaz – A. Lemaire (eds.), La Palestine à l'époque perse (Études annexes à la Bible de Jérusalem; Paris: Cerf, 1994) 11-53.

Lemaire, A., "La fin de la première période perse en Égypte et la chronologie judéenn vers 400 av. J.-C.", Transeu 9 (1995) 51-61.

Lemaire, A., "Zorobabel et la Judée à la lumière de l'épigraphie (fin du VIe s. av. J.-C.)", RB 103 (1996) 48-57.

Lemaire, A., "Das Achämenidische Juda und seine Nachbarn im Lichte der Epigraphie", in R. G. Kratz (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002) 210-230.

Lemaire, A., Levantine Epigraphy and History in the Achaemenid Period (539-332 BCE). Schweich Lectures 2013 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for The British Academy, 2015).

Lemaire, A., "Unité et diversité des Judéens a l'époque achéménide d'après les données épigraphiques", Transeu 49 (2017) 163-186.

Levin, Y., "Judea, Samaria and Idumea: Three Models of Ethnicity and Administration in the Persian Period", in J. Unsok Ro (ed.), From Judah to Judaea: Socio-Economic Structures and Processes in the Persian Period (Hebrew Bible Monographs, 43; Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2012) 4-53.

Lust, J., "The Identification of Zerubbabel with Sheshbassar", ETL 63 (1987) 90-95.

Maier, J., Zwischen den Testamenten. Geschichte und Religion in der Zeit des Zweiten Tempels (Neue Echter Bibel, Erg.bd./AT 3; Würzburg: Echter, 1990); = Il Giudaismo del Secondo Tempio. Storia e religione (Brescia: Paideia, 1991).

Margalith, O., "The Political Role of Ezra as Persian Governor", ZAW 98 (1986) 110-112.

Margalith, O., "The Political Background of Zerubbabel's Mission and the Samaritan Schism", VT 41 (1991) 312-323.

Meyers, E. M., "The Persian Period and the Judean Restoration: From Zerubbabel to Nehemiah", in P. D. Miller – P. D. Hanson – S. D. McBride (eds.), Ancient Israelite Religion. Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987) 509-521.

Middlemas, J. A., "Going Beyond the Myth of the Empty Land: A Reassessment of the Early Persian Period", in G. N. Knoppers – L. L. Grabbe – D. N. Fulton (eds.), Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods in Memory of Peter R. Ackroyd (LSTS 73; London: T & T Clark, 2009) 174-194.

Mimouni, S. C., Le Judaïsme ancien du VIe siècle avant notre ère au IIIe siècle de notre ère: des prêtres aux rabbins (Nouvelle Clio; Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2012).

Mittmann, S., "Tobia, Sanballat und die persische Provinz Juda", JNSL 26 (2000) 1-50.

Naʾaman, N., "Royal Vassals or Governors? On the Status of Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel in the Persian Empire", Hen 22 (2000) 35-44.

Nodet, É., "Sacchi et l'histoire du Second Temple", Bib 78 (1997) 548-564.

North, R., "Palestine, Administration of: 3. Postexilic Judean Officials", ABD V (1992) 86-88.

Porter, A., "What Sort of Jews Were the Tobiads?", in D. R. Edwards – C. T. McCollough (eds.), The Archaeology of Difference: Gender, Ethnicity, Class and the "Other" in Antiquity. Studies in Honor of Eric M. Meyers (Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 60/61; Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2007) 141-150.

Ro, J. Unsok, "Socio-Economic Context of Post-Exilic Community and Literacy", ZAW 120 (2008) 597-611.

Ro, J. Unsok, Poverty, Law, and Divine Justice in Persian and Hellenistic Judah (SBLAIL 32; Atlanta, GA: SBL Press, 2018).

Sacchi, P., Storia del Secondo Tempio. Israele tra VI secolo a.C. e I secolo d.C. (Torino: Società Editrice Internazionale, 1994); = The History of the Second Temple Period (JSOTSup 285; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000); = Historia del Judaísmo en la época del Segundo Templo (Madrid: Trotta, 2004). Second Italian edition: Storia del Secondo Tempio: Israele tra VI secolo a. C. e I secolo d. C. Nuova edizione a cura di Luca Mazzinghi. Presentazione di Romano Penna (Strumenti 79; Torino: Claudiana, 2019).

Sacchi, P., "Cap. 3: La storia del popolo ebraico dopo l'esilio", in R. Fabris (ed.), Introduzione generale alla Bibbia. Seconda edizione rinnovata (Logos, Corso di studi biblici, 1; Leumann [TO]: Elledici, 2006) 91-124.

Sacchi, P., "Le correnti culturali e religiose del giudaismo antico e medio", in G. L. Prato (ed.), Ciro chiamato per nome (Is 45,5): l'epoca persiana e la nascita dell'Israele biblico tra richiamo a Gerusalemme e diaspora perenne. Atti del XVII Convegno di Studi Veterotestamentari (Assisi, 5-7 settembre 2011) (Ricerche storico-bibliche, 25/1; Bologna: Edizioni Dehoniane, 2013) 223-248.

Saebø, M., "The Relation of Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel Reconsidered", SEÅ 54 (1989) 168-177.

Sasse, M., Geschichte Israels in der Zeit des Zweiten Tempels. Historische Ereignisse – Archäologie – Sozialgeschichte – Religions- und Geistesgeschichte (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 2004).

Schafer, J., "The Jerusalem Temple as an Instrument of the Achaemenid Fiscal Administration", VT 45 (1995) 528-539.

Schaper, J., "Numismatik, Epigraphik, alttestamentliche Exegese und die Frage nach der politischen Verfassung des achämenidischen Juda", ZDPV 118 (2002) 150-168.

Schwartz, J., "[Jerusalem] From the Babylonian Exile through the Hasmonean Period", in S. A. Mourad – N. Koltun-Fromm – B. Der Matossian (eds.), Routledge Handbook on Jerusalem (Routledge Handbooks; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon. & New York: Routledge, 2019) 25-33.

Schwartz, S., "On the Autonomy of Judaea in the Fourth and Third Centuries BCE", JJS 45 (1994) 157-168.

Silverman, J. M., "Sheshbazzar, a Judean or a Babylonian? A Note on his Identity", in J. Stökl – C. Waerzeggers (eds.), Exile and Return: The Babylonian Context (BZAW 478; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015) 308-321.

Sowers, S. G., "Did Xerxes Wage War on Jerusalem?", HUCA 67 (1996) 43-53.

Stern, E., "Between Persia and Greece: Trade, Administration and Warfare in the Persian and Hellenistic Periods (539-63 BCE)", in T. E. Levy (ed.), The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land (London: Leicester University Press, 1995) 432-445.

Tadmor, H., "8c: Judah", in D. M. Lewis – J. Boardman – S. Hornblower – M. Ostwald (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History. Second edition. Vol. VI: The Fourth Century B. C. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) 261-296.

Tal, O., "People, Material Culture, and Ethno-Religious Regions in Achaemenid Palestine", in A. Yasur-Landau – E. H. Cline – Y. M. Rowan (eds.), The Social Archaeology of the Levant: From Prehistory to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019) 393-409.

Toorn, K. van der, "Ezra in Egypt? The Significance of Hananyah's Mission", VT 67 (2017) 602-610.

Weingart, K., "What Makes an Israelite an Israelite? Judean Perspectives on the Samarians in the Persian Period", JSOT 42.2 (Dec. 2017) 155-175.

Wenning, R., "Griechischer Einfluss auf Palästina in vorhellenistischer Zeit", in S. Alkier – M. Witte (eds.), Die Griechen und das antike Israel. Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Religions- und Kulturgeschichte des Heiligen Landes (OBO 201; Fribourg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004) 29-60.

Williamson, H. G. M., "The Governors of Judah under the Persians", TynBul 39 (1988) 59-82. Reprinted [same title] in his Studies in Persian Period History and Historiography (FAT 38; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004) 46-63.

Williamson, H. G. M., "Palestine, Administration of: 2. Persian Administration", ABD V (1992) 81-86.

Williamson, H. G. M., "Babylonian Exile and Restoration (587-325 BCE)", in R. G. Hoyland  – H. G. M. Williamson (eds.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018) 86-110.

Yamauchi, E. M., Persia and the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1990).

Zwickel, W., "Jerusalem und Samaria zur Zeit Nehemias: ein Vergleich", BZ N. F. 52 (2008) 201-222. Reprinted [same title] in W. Zwickel, Studien zur Geschichte Israels (SBAB 59; Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2015) 219-239.

V.    Yehud and the Diaspora: religious and theological questions

Achenbach, R., "Die Religionspolitik der Achaimeniden und die Tora. Anekdoten, Legenden, Geschichtsnarrative", in R. Achenbach (ed.), Persische Reichspolitik und lokale Heiligtümer. Beiträge einer Tagung des Exzellenzclusters »Religion und Politik in den Kulturen der Vormoderne und Moderne« vom 24.–6. Februar 2016 in Münster (BZABR 25; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019) 257-278.

Ahn, G., "»Toleranz« und Reglement. Die Signifikanz achaimenidischer Religionspolitik für den jüdisch-persischen Kulturkontakt", in R. G. Kratz (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002) 191-209.

Albertz, R., Religionsgeschichte Israels in alttestamentlicher Zeit, I: Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der Königszeit; II: Vom Exil bis zu den Makkabäern (ATD Ergänzungsreihe, Grundrisse zum AT, 8/1-2; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992); = A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period, I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Exile; II: From the Exile to the Maccabees (London: SCM, 1994); = Historia de la religión de Israel en tiempos del Antiguo Testamento. Vol. 1: De los comienzos hasta el final de la monarquía. Vol. 2: Desde el exilio hasta la época de los Macabeos (Biblioteca de ciencias bíblicas y orientales; Madrid: Trotta, 1999).

Amzallag, N., Esau in Jerusalem – The Rise of a Seirite Religious Elite in Zion in the Persian Period (CahRB 85; Pendé: Gabalda, 2015).

Balentine, S. E., "The Politics of Religion in the Persian Period", in J. Barton – D. J. Reimer (eds.), After the Exile: Essays in Honour of Rex Mason (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1996) 129-146.

Ballentine, D. S., "Exile and Return of the First Temple Vessels: Competing Postexilic Perspectives and Claims of Continuity", NEA 82 (2019) 132-139.

Bedford, P. R., Temple Restoration in Early Achaemenid Judah (JSJSup 65; Leiden: Brill, 2001).

Bedford, P. R., "Temple Funding and Priestly Authority in Achaemenid Judah", in J. Stökl – C. Waerzeggers (eds.), Exile and Return: The Babylonian Context (BZAW 478; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015) 336-351.

Ben Zvi, E., "Total Exile, Empty Land and the General Intellectual Discourse in Yehud", in E. Ben Zvi – C. Levin (eds.), The Concept of Exile in Ancient Israel and its Historical Contexts (BZAW 404; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010) 155-168. Reprinted [same title] in E. Ben Zvi, Social Memory Among the Literati of Yehud (BZAW 509; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019) 599-611.

Berquist, J. L., "Prophecy in Persian Yehud", in C. J. Sharp (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Prophets (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2016) 55-66.

Bianchi, F., "«Una stirpe santa» (Is 6,13b = Esd 9,2). L'identità di Israele in epoca achemenide ed ellenistica", RivB 55 (2007) 297-311.

Blenkinsopp, J., "A Jewish Sect of the Persian Period", CBQ 52 (1990) 5-20.

Blenkinsopp, J., "Temple and Society in Achaemenid Judah", in P. R. Davies (ed.), Second Temple Studies, 1: The Persian Period (JSOTSup 117; Sheffield 1991) 22-53. Reprinted in J. Blenkinsopp, Essays on Judaism in the Pre-Hellenistic Period (BZAW 495; Berlin: de Gruyter, 2017) 61-83.

Blenkinsopp, J., "The Judaean Priesthood during the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Period", CBQ 60 (1998) 25-43.

Blenkinsopp, J., "The Social Roles of Prophets in Early Achaemenid Judah", JSOT 93 (2001) 39-58. Reprinted in J. Blenkinsopp, Essays on Judaism in the Pre-Hellenistic Period (BZAW 495; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017) 178-191.

Blenkinsopp, J., "The Development of Jewish Sectarianism from Nehemiah to the Hasidim", in O. Lipschits – G. N. Knoppers – R. Albertz (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century b.c.e. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007) 385-404. Reprinted under the title "Jewish Sectarianism from Ezra to the Hasidim", in J. Blenkinsopp, Essays on Judaism in the Pre-Hellenistic Period (BZAW 495; Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017) 207-220.

Blenkinsopp, J., "The Earliest Persian Period Prophetic Texts", in R. J. Bautch – M. Lackowski (eds.), On Dating Biblical Texts to the Persian Period: Discerning Criteria and Establishing Epochs (FAT II/101; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019) 19-29.

Blum, E., "Esra, die Mosetora und die persische Politik", in R. G. Kratz (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002) 231-256.

Boccaccini, G., Roots of Rabbinic Judaism: An Intellectual History from Ezekiel to Daniel (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2002); = Wurzeln des rabbinischen Judentums: eine Geistesgeschichte von Ezechiel bis Daniel (Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Theologie und Zeitgeschichte, 11 / Arbeiten zur Bibel und ihrer Umwelt, 3; Berlin: Institut Kirche und Judentum, 2014).

Cannuyer, C., "La religion de l'Iran ancien a-t-elle impacté le monothéisme juif émergeant? Un éclairage nouveau", Mélanges de science religieuse 75/2 (2018) 3-16.

Carr, D. M., "Criteria and Periodization in Dating Biblical Texts to Parts of the Persian Period", in R. J. Bautch – M. Lackowski (eds.), On Dating Biblical Texts to the Persian Period: Discerning Criteria and Establishing Epochs (FAT II/101; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019) 11-18.

Cataldo, J. W., Biblical Terror: Why Law and Restoration in the Bible Depend Upon Fear (London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017).

Davies, P. R., "Scenes from the Early History of Judaism", in D. V. Edelman (ed.), The Triumph of Elohim. From Yahwisms to Judaisms (CBET 13; Kampen: Kok Pharos, 1995) 145-182.

Davis, A. R., Reconstructing the Temple: The Royal Rhetoric of Temple Renovation in the Ancient Near East and Israel (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019).

Edelman, D., "What Can We Know about the Persian-Era Temple in Jerusalem?", in J. Kamlah (ed.), Temple Building and Temple Cult: Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.-1. Mill. B.C.E.). Proceedings of a Conference on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Biblical Archaeology at the University of Tübingen (28th - 30th of May 2010) (ADPV 41; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012) 343-368.

Grabbe, L. L., Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period. Belief and Practice From the Exile to Yavneh (London: Routledge, 2000).

Grabbe, L. L., "Religious and Cultural Boundaries from the Neo-Babylonian to the Early Greek Period: A Context for Iconographic Interpretation", in C. Frevel – K. Pyschny – I. Cornelius (eds.), A "Religious Revolution" in Yehûd? The Material Culture of the Persian Period as a Test Case (OBO 267; Fribourg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014) 23-42.

Hanson, P. D., The Dawn of Apocalyptic. The Historical and Sociological Roots of Jewish Apocalyptic Eschatology (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975, 21979).

Hanson, P. D., "Israelite Religion in the Early Postexilic Period", in P. D. Miller et al. (eds.), Ancient Israelite Religion. Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987) 485-508.

Hulster, I. J. de, Figurines in Achaemenid Period Yehud: Jerusalem's History of Religion and Coroplastics in the Monotheism Debate (ORA 26; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017).

Kessler, J., The Book of Haggai: Prophecy and Society in Early Persian Yehud (VTSup 91; Leiden: Brill, 2002).

Knowles, M. D., "Yahwistic Religion in the Persian Period", in B. E. Kelle – B. A. Strawn (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible (Oxford Handbooks; Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2020) 254-265.

Lee, K.-J., The Authority and Authorization of Torah in the Persian Period (CBET 64; Leuven: Peeters, 2011).

Levin, Y., "Memories of the Assyrian Exile in Persian-Period Yehud: A View from Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah", HeBAI 11/Heft 5 [Supplement] (2022) 224-238.

Niditch, S., The Responsive Self: Personal Religion in Biblical Literature of the Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods (AYBRL; New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).

Niehr, H., "Religio-Historical Aspects of the 'Early Post-Exilic' Period", in B. Becking – M. C. A. Korpel (eds), The Crisis of Israelite Religion: Transformation of Religious Tradition in Exilic and Post-Exilic Times (OTS 42; Leiden: Brill, 1999) 228-244.

Oswald, W., "Der Hohepriester als Ethnarch. Zur politische Organisation Judäas im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr", ZABR 21 (2015) 309-320.

Plöger, O., Theokratie und Eschatologie (WMANT 2; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1959, 21962); = Theocracy and Eschatology (Atlanta: John Knox, 1968).

Ristau, K. A., Reconstructing Jerusalem: Persian-Period Prophetic Perspectives (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2016).

Rom-Shiloni, D., "What is 'Persian' in Late Sixth Century B.C.E. Prophetic Literature? Case Studies and Criteria, in R. J. Bautch – M. Lackowski (eds.), On Dating Biblical Texts to the Persian Period: Discerning Criteria and Establishing Epochs (FAT II/101; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019) 31-53.

Rose, W. H., Zemah and Zerubbabel: Messianic Expectations in the Early Postexilic Period (JSOTSup 304; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000).

Rothenbusch, R., "Die Finanzierung des Jerusalemer Kultes in nachexilischer Zeit und die Mitgliedschaft in einer religiösen Gruppe", in C. Diller – M. Mulzer – K. Ólason (eds.), "Erforsche mich, Gott, und erkenne mein Herz!" Beiträge zur Syntax, Sprechaktanalyse und Metaphorik im Alten Testament. Schülerfestschrift für Hubert Irsigler zum 60. Geburtstag (ATSAT 76; St. Ottilien: EOS, 2005) 159-184.

Schaper, J., Priester und Leviten im achämenidischen Juda. Studien zur Kult- und Sozialgeschichte Israels in persischer Zeit (FAT 31; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000).

Steck, O. H., "Das Problem theologischer Strömungen in nachexilischer Zeit", EvT 28 (1968) 445-458.

Steck, O. H., "Strömungen theologischer Tradition im Alten Israel", in O. H. Steck (ed.), Zu Tradition und Theologie im Alten Testament (BThSt 2; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978) 27-56. Reprinted (with same title) in O. H. Steck, Wahrnehmungen Gottes im Alten Testament. Gesammelte Studien (TB 70; München: Kaiser, 1982) 291-317. First published in English: "Theological Streams of Tradition", in D. A. Knight (ed.), Tradition and Theology in the Old Testament. A Symposium (Philadelphia: Fortress; London: SPCK, 1977) 183-214; = "Courants théologiques dans la tradition", in D. A. Knight (ed.), Tradition et théologie dans l’ancien Testament (LD 108; Paris: Cerf – Desclée, 1982) 193-223.

Stern, E., "The Religious Revolution in Persian-Period Judah", in O. Lipschits – M. Oeming (eds.), Judah and the Judeans in the Persian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006) 199-205.

Talmon, S., "Jüdische Sektenbildung in der Frühzeit der Periode des Zweiten Tempels. Ein Nachtrag zu Max Webers Studie über antike Judentum", in W. Schluchter (ed.), Max Webers Sicht des antiken Christentums. Interpretation und Kritik (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 548; Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1985) 233-280.

Talmon, S., "The Emergence of Jewish Sectarianism in the Early Second Temple Period", in P. D. Miller et al. (eds.), Ancient Israelite Religion. Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987) 587-616. Reprinted in a slightly different form in S. Talmon, King, Cult and Calendar in Ancient Israel. Collected Studies (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1986) 165-201.

Talmon, S., "'Exile' and 'Restoration' in the Conceptual World of Ancient Judaism", in J. M. Scott (ed.), Restoration: Old Testament, Jewish, and Christian Perspectives (JSJSup 72; Leiden: Brill, 2001) 107-146. Reprinted in S. Talmon, Literary Motifs and Patterns in the Hebrew Bible (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013) 317-353.

VanderKam, J. C., "Jewish High Priests of the Persian Period: Is the List Complete?", in G. A. Anderson – S. M. Olyan (eds.), Priesthood and Cult in Ancient Israel (JSOTSup 125; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991) 67-91.

Willi, T., "»Wie geschrieben steht« – Schriftbezug und Schrift. Überlegungen zur frühjüdischen Literaturwerdung im perserzeitlichen Kontext", in R. G. Kratz (ed.), Religion und Religionskontakte im Zeitalter der Achämeniden (Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie, 22; Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2002) 257-277. Reprinted [same title] in T. Willi, Israel und die Völker: Studien zur Literatur und Geschichte Israels in der Perserzeit. Herausgegeben von M. Pietsch (SBAB 55; Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2012) 101-122.

VI.    Online resources

Achaemenids: a useful synthetic page by Jona Lendering on the history of the Achaemenids, with further links to many relevant topics.

Achemenet: a portal for Achaemenid studies; users can choose an interface in French or English. The site was founded by Pierre Briant and is based at the Musée du Louvre, département des Antiquités orientales. A virtual "Achaemenid Museum", a sub-site of Achemenet, plans to digitize Achaemenid monuments and objects in more than a dozen museum collections around the world.

Encyclopaedia Iranica (in general): the digital edition of the work mentioned above; it includes lemmata that have not yet appeared in the print edition.

Encyclopaedia Iranica article: E. Bresciani, "Egypt, i: Persians in Egypt in the Achaemenid period" (last updated: December 9, 2011). Original print publication: December 15, 1998, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 3, pp. 247-249.